List of close election results
This is a list of close election results on the national level and within administrative divisions. It lists results that have been decided by a margin of less than 1 vote in 1,000 (a margin of less than 0.1 percentage points): single-winner elections where the winning candidate was less than 0.1% ahead of the second-placed candidate, as well as party-list elections where a party was less than 0.1% short of the electoral threshold or two lists that obtained seats are less than 0.1% apart. This list is limited to elections in which at least 1,000 votes were cast.
To provide context, the section on "Distribution of elections" shows the distribution of winning margins in different areas. Depending on the area, from 1 in 40 to 1 in 500 election contests is decided by less than 1 vote in 1,000.
According to a 2001 study of state and federal elections in the United States between 1898 and 1992, "one of every 100,000 votes cast in U.S. [House of Representatives] elections, and one of every 15,000 votes cast in state [legislative] elections, "mattered" in the sense that they were cast for a candidate that officially tied or won by one vote."[1]
While not an election, a member of Congress once owed his seat to the drawing of lots. In 1902, after more than 7,000 votes at three conventions, the Democrats were unable to decide among three candidates for nomination to Texas's 12th congressional district. Two candidates put their names in a hat, drew one out and the loser agreed to withdraw and support the winner. Oscar W. Gillespie won the game of lots, the nomination and the following general election, serving in Congress for eight years.[2]
There are a variety of ways in which tied elections are settled. Some are decided by drawing lots or other games of chances. Others lead to a runoff or special election. Still others are decided by some third party such as the legislature or a high-ranking elected official. In one case in Waynetown, Indiana, in 1891, two candidates for town treasurer agreed to settle their 339–339 tie by a foot-race.[3] However, despite some fictionalized accounts, the town board overruled the agreement and determined that then-incumbent William Simms would remain in office for another term, and the proposed race never occurred.[4]
Table of close national and state elections
[edit]Tied elections
[edit]Year | Country / Region |
Election | District/Race | Total votes cast for winner |
Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1985 | Victorian Legislative Council | Nunawading | 54,821 | Bob Ives tied with Rosemary Varty, but won the seat with a vote cast by the returning officer, who drew Ives' name from a hat. Adding to the drama, the seat decided control of the Legislative Council. Before Ives could take his seat, the result was subsequently voided by a Court of Disputed Returns on the grounds that 44 votes had been incorrectly excluded from the count, and the court ordered a by-election. Varty then won the by-election.[5] | |
2011 | Swiss federal | Ticino | 23,979[6] | Marco Romano and Monica Duca Widmer both had 23,979 votes.[7] Initially, a computer program was used to draw lots and Widmer was declared the winner. Following complaints and appeals, the Federal Supreme Court ruled against the Canton's decision to use a computer program for the lottery and ordered new manual lottery. This was conducted on November 25 and Marco Romano emerged as the winner.[8][9] (There were 760,995 votes cast in total for 8 seats. The PPD won two seats. Romano and Widmer, both of the PPD, were tied for the PPD's second seat.) | |
1994 | National Assembly of Quebec | Saint-Jean | 16,536 | Incumbent Liberal Michel Charbonneau tied with Parti Québécois candidate Roger Paquin. Consequently, a new vote was held 42 days later, which Paquin won by 532 votes.[10] | |
1971 | Virginia House of Delegates | District 19 | 16,410 | The initial vote count had Republican William Moss ahead of Democrat Jim Burch by 1 vote for the sixth at-large seat in what was then a six-member district. But then a three-judge circuit court ruled that one of the ballots was "defaced" because the names of two candidates were crossed out with the notation "Do not desire to vote for these two". They did this even though the person who cast this vote (which was known because it was a signed absentee ballot) testified that he intended to vote for Moss. Throwing out the ballot created a tied vote.[11] The names of the two candidates were placed in sealed envelopes, and a blindfolded Elections Board chairman plucked one from a silver loving cup. Moss won.[12] Two years later Moss would lose re-election by 0.03% of the vote.[13] | |
2003 | National Assembly of Quebec | Champlain | 11,852 | PQ candidate Noëlla Champagne tied with Liberal Pierre Brouillette. Consequently, a new vote was held 36 days later, which Champagne won by 642 votes.[14] | |
2017 | Virginia House of Delegates | District 94 | 11,608 | The initial vote count had incumbent Republican David Yancey ahead by 13 votes. After a canvas that included provisional ballots, Yancey's lead was cut to 10 votes.[15] Following a recount, Yancey trailed Democratic challenger Shelly Simonds by one vote out of 23,215 cast.[16][17] After review by a three-judge panel appointed by the Virginia Supreme Court, a disputed ballot that had been excluded as an overvote was instead counted for Yancey and the race was certified as a tie with the candidates to draw lots to determine a winner.[18][16] The drawing of lots was later postponed after Simonds asked a state court to reconsider the disputed ballot.[19] On January 4, 2018, the names of each candidate were placed inside a film canister, both canisters were placed in a bowl and one canister was drawn at random by State Board of Elections chairman James Alcorn. David Yancey won the draw and the seat, giving Republicans control of the House 51–49.[20] Had Simonds won instead, a 50–50 split would have prompted a power sharing arrangement between the two major parties.[21] In 2019, the two met in a rematch in a redrawn district and Simonds won. | |
2010 | Massachusetts House of Representatives | 6th Worcester district | 6,587 | After Peter J. Durant was initially declared the winner by 1 vote, judge Richard T. Tucker ruled that one absentee ballot that was initially discarded was to be counted for Geraldo Alicea creating an exact tie.[22] Six months later, a special election was held where Durant beat Alicea by 56 votes.[23] | |
1963 | House of Commons of Canada | Pontiac–Témiscamingue | 6,448 | Paul Martineau (Progressive Conservative) and Paul-Oliva Goulet (Liberal) each received 6,448 votes in the Québec electoral district of Pontiac–Témiscamingue. Because the vote was tied, the returning officer cast his vote for Martineau.[24] | |
1988 | Massachusetts Senate Democratic Primary | Plymouth District | 4,543 | George F. Buckley and Michael Creedon tied, but Creedon secured the nomination and later the seat.[25] | |
1996 | South Dakota House of Representatives | District 12 | 4,191 | Four candidates Democrats John R. McIntyre and Dick Casey; and, Republicans Hal Wick and Judy Rost were contesting two seats. In the initial tally, they had respectively 4195 (24.73%), 3889 (22.93%), 4191 (24.71%), and 4687 (27.63%) votes (16,962 total votes). McIntyre was initially declared to have been elected by a four-vote margin. Wick petitioned for a recount in accordance with SDCL 12-21-12. The recount was conducted in the presence of representatives for both candidates. The results were certified on December 4, 1996, and showed that Wick had been elected by one vote: 4191 (24.71%), 3891 (22.94%), 4192 (24.71%), 4689 (27.64%) (16,963 total votes). The South Dakota Supreme Court examined several ballots and invalidated one vote for Wick. The House then voted, mostly along party lines, 46–20 to seat Wick.[26][27][28] Remarkably, two years later, McIntyre and Wick would again tie (at least on the initial count). | |
1999 | Nova Scotia House of Assembly | Shelburne | 3,206 | Progressive Conservative Cecil O'Donnell tied with Liberal Clifford Huskilson (3,206–3,206).[29] The returning officer broke the tie by pulling Mr. O'Donnell's name from a box.[30] | |
1886 | House of Commons of the United Kingdom | Ashton-under-Lyne | 3,049 | Conservative incumbent John Edmund Wentworth Addison and Liberal challenger (and English cricketer[31]) Alexander Butler Rowley were tied, 3,049–3,049. The Returning Officer (and also mayor[32][33][34]) James Walker[35] broke the tie by casting a vote for Addison.[36][37][38][39] | |
1978 | Rhode Island Senate | Senatorial District 29 | 4,110 | Both Russell and Flynn had exactly 4,110 votes in the general election. On Jan 9th, 1979, a special election was held where Flynn beat Russell 2,546–2,038.[40] | |
1980 | New Hampshire Senate Republican Primary | District 16 | 2,438 | Incumbent Frank Wageman found himself in a tied election after a hospitalization left him unable to vote in the election. Two numbered balls were placed in a black leather bottle, and the first one to roll out was the winner. Wageman's ball came out first and challenger Eleanor P. Podles demanded a recount that did not change the outcome.[41] Podles won a rematch in 1982. | |
1958 | Alaska Senate | District B | 1,953 | Republican candidate Boardman and Democrat "Bo" Smith both received 1,953 votes in Senate District B in Southeastern Alaska around Ketchikan. The Democratic-controlled Alaska Senate resolved the tie in favor of Smith.[42] | |
1994 | Wyoming House of Representatives | District 21 | 1,941 | Republican Randall Luthi and independent candidate Larry Call each received 1,941 votes in a state House race in northern Lincoln County. On live TV (NBC's Today Show) Secretary of State Kathy Karpan drew a ping pong ball with Luthi's name out of Governor Sullivan's rumpled cowboy hat.[43][44] | |
1826 | United States House of Representatives | Pennsylvania's 2nd District | 1,597 | Adams Federalist John Sergeant and Jacksonian Henry Horn tied at 1,597, with a 3rd candidate getting 1,391 votes. The governor treated it as a vacancy, but did not call a new election until both Sergeant and Horn relinquished their claims. Sergeant defeated former Representative Joseph Hemphill in the special election a year later and was seated. Residents of the district contested the election, arguing that ballots were found that would've swung the regular election to Horn, but the House dismissed the contest because Horn had voluntarily relinquished his rights.[45] | |
2006 | Alaska House of Representatives Democratic Primary | District 37 | 1,534 | After a recount, a state Supreme Court challenge and wrangling over five disputed ballots the race was decided by a coin toss, using a special coin with a walrus on one side and the seal of Alaska on the other.[46] Bryce Edgmon, the winner of the coin toss, went on to be Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives.[47] | |
2004 | Montana House of Representatives | District 12 | 1,559 | The November 2, 2004 election resulted in the district 12 race being a 1,559–1,559 vote tie between Democratic candidate Jeanne Windham and Constitution candidate Rick Jore. On December 28, the Montana Supreme Court invalidated a small handful of ballots, which was enough to resolve the tie and give control of the state house to the Democratic Party.[48] | |
1887 | House of Commons of Canada | Joliette | 1,532 | Conservative Édouard Guilbault tied Liberal F. Neveu, but won the seat after the deciding vote was cast by the returning officer.[49] | |
1896 | House of Commons of Canada | Assiniboia West | 1,502 | Conservative Nicholas Flood Davin tied independent John K. McInnes. The deciding vote in Davin's favor was cast by the returning officer after the two candidates tied.[50] | |
2015 | Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island | Vernon River-Stratford | 1,173 | On Declaration Day, Mary Ellen McInnis and Alan McIsaac had 1,172–1,174 votes. McInnis filed a petition for a judicial recount. Provincial Court Judge John Douglas discovered that a vote for Ms. McInnis was mistakenly put in the pile for Mr. McIsaac. The result of the recount was thus that they were tied 1,173–1,173. Pursuant to section 102 of the Election Act, the toss of a coin was completed by the Returning Officer. The results of the coin toss were in favour of Alan McIsaac.[51][52][53][54][55] | |
2022 | New Hampshire House of Representatives | Strafford District 8 | 970 | The November 2022 election to this seat in the city of Rochester ended in a tie of 970–970 between Democrat Chuck Grassie and Republican David Walker. Despite rumors that the Republican-controlled state House would vote to seat Walker anyways, a special election was called for February 21.[56] In the end, Chuck Grassie won with over 55% of the vote, a 4% over-performance for Democrats.[57][58] |
List of close election results in single-winner, majoritarian and STV races
[edit]Year | Country / Region |
Election | District/Race | Margin (%) |
Margin (votes) |
Total votes cast for winner |
Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1974 | United States Senate | New Hampshire | 0.000901% | 2 | 110,926[59] | On election day, Republican Louis Wyman won with a margin of just 355 votes out of more than 220,000. His opponent John A. Durkin then won the recount by 10 votes. After a second recount, Wyman won by just 2 votes. The Democratic-controlled Senate at first agreed to seat Wyman, who served the last 3 days of Norris Cotton's term, but began to deliberate again when the new Senate took office. When the Senate deadlocked for months, Durkin agreed to Wyman's proposal for a new election. The Senate declared the seat vacant and the governor appointed Cotton to hold the seat for six weeks until a special election on September 16. Durkin won the special by 27,000 votes.[60] | |
1839 | Massachusetts gubernatorial | Governor of Massachusetts | 0.00098% | 1 | 51,034[61] | Marcus Morton and the incumbent Whig Edward Everett received 51,034–50,725 votes respectively, with the remaining 307 votes went to scattering. The constitution of Massachusetts required a candidate to receive a majority of votes cast in order to win the office outright; otherwise, the legislature would have the authority to choose among the leading candidates. Morton exceeded this threshold by just 1 vote (50% of the 102,066 ballots cast), and had he not, the Whig controlled legislature would have been allowed to select the governor. The legislature could successfully deprive Morton of a majority if it disqualified the return from the town of Westfield. There was, moreover, an argument for doing so: the Westfield return was irregular and improper under the laws of the state because the attestation of its authenticity was not under seal. Instead, the return had been sealed first, and only afterward affixed with an attestation from the relevant local official. Despite pressure from partisans to contest this result, Everett refused. Historian and former Ohio Solicitor General Edward B. Foley notes: "In the annals of American history there is not an equivalent example of a candidate in a major statewide election willing to forgo a victory so tantalizingly within reach based on, first, such a narrow margin and, second, such a readily available legal argument for invalidating disputed ballots."[62] | |
2020 | United States House of Representatives | Iowa's 2nd District | 0.00152% | 6 | 196,964 | In the House election, Democrat Rita Hart lost by only 6 votes to Republican Mariannette Miller-Meeks. Unofficial results shortly after election day showed Miller-Meeks with a 282 vote lead. Official results, which included late-arriving absentee ballots and corrected canvassing errors, narrowed that lead to 44. A recount narrowed that vote still further to 6 votes. Hart chose not to appeal the election in the "contest court", arguing that Iowa law didn't allow enough time as from the November 30 certification date, the court would've had only 8 days to organize and then carry out the recount.[63] Instead she contested the election in the House of Representatives, asking for another recount, on the grounds that 22 votes were erroneously excluded due to poll worker error (and Iowa law had no way to remedy this) and that the recount was not done uniformly over the district.[64] Miller-Meeks was provisionally sworn in and requested the House Committee on Administration dismiss the contest, but that request was denied. On March 31, after several Democratic House members publicly stated that they wouldn't vote to change the result, Hart withdrew her contest.[65] It was the 2nd closest House race in US history and the closest since 1824. | |
1984 | United States House of Representatives | Indiana's 8th District | 0.00171% | 4 | 116,645 | The initial count showed that Democrat Frank McCloskey had won by 72 votes, but Indiana's Republican Secretary of State refused to certify him pending a legal challenge by his Republican challenger Rick McIntyre.[66] After a tabulation error was found a month later McIntyre took the lead by 34 votes and was certified by the Secretary, even though a recount was on-going.[67] When the House opened it chose to seat neither person, but to pay them as though they were both members. The statewide recount was completed in late January and gave McIntyre a 418 vote lead, but against the Democratic-controlled House chose not to seat McIntyre, against the wishes of Republicans.[68] The House conducted their own recount, in which they made several controversial decisions, and seated McCloskey after declaring him the winner by just four votes. Republicans, who sought to declare the election void and call for a special election, staged a procedural protest and a walk out to protest what they viewed as a stolen seat.[69][70] | |
2013 | Australian Senate | Western Australia | 0.002125% | 1 | 23,532[71] | Before senate electoral reform in 2016, the Australian senate was elected by a series of complex preference deals. At one point the next party to be eliminated was between the Shooters and Fishers Party and the Australian Christians. The margin was effectively one vote at that point in the count, and depending on which party was ahead either the Labor Party and PUP or the Sports Party and the Greens would have been elected.
As the recount was taking place it became apparent that there were some missing ballots, which was greater than the margin, so the election was voided and a re-run was conducted in 2014.[72] | |
2023 | Caddo Parish sheriff | Sheriff of Caddo Parish | 0.002312% | 1 | 21,624 | In the runoff election, Henry Whitehorn, a Democrat, defeated Republican John Nickelson by one vote. After a court challenge, the election was rerun; Whitehorn won again with a larger margin.[73] | |
1910 | United States House of Representatives | New York's 36th District | 0.00242% | 1 | 20,685 | Charles Bennett Smith, a Democrat, defeated the incumbent, Representative De Alva S. Alexander, a Republican, by one vote, 20,685 to 20,684.[74] | |
1988 | Massachusetts Governor's Council Democratic Primary | 3rd District | 0.00340% | 1 | 14,716 | Herbert L. Connolly lost to Robert B. Kennedy by one vote, and it was his own. Connolly arrived at his precinct a few minutes after the polls closed and wasn't able to vote. Kennedy won the following general.[75][76] | |
2003 | Russian legislative | Sverdlovsk Oblast District 163 | 0.00342% | 5 | 73,083 | Incumbent Georgy Leontyev held the seat by five votes,[77] despite allegations of vote manipulations, later rejected by the Supreme Court [78] | |
1919 | Australian House of Representatives | Ballarat | 0.00369% | 1 | 13,569 | Edwin Kerby defeated incumbent MP Charles McGrath by a single vote. The result was voided by the Court of Disputed Returns, which criticised the "almost incredible carelessness" of the electoral officers. McGrath won the subsequent by-election.[79] | |
1997 | United Kingdom general | Winchester | 0.00383% | 2 | 26,100 | In the General Election, Mark Oaten led Gerry Malone by 2 votes (26,100–26,098).[80] A total of 55 ballot papers were excluded from the count for want of official mark, of which 18 were votes in favor of Oaten and 22 in favor of Malone. Therefore, Malone would have had a majority of 2 votes had they been included in the count. On hearing an Election Petition in the High Court on 6 October 1997 Lord Justice Brooke and Mr. Justice Gage ordered that there should be a fresh election. The petition also stated that four voters cast tendered ballots after claiming to have been impersonated, but the impersonators could not be found and the allegation was not pursued.[81] In the subsequent by-election, Oaten easily beat Malone (37,006–15,450). | |
1992 | Philippine Senate | At-large | 0.00398% | 966 | 3,964,966 | The Philippine Senate is elected via multiple non-transferable vote. The 24th placed candidate, Butz Aquino of LDP, edged out Alfredo Bengzon of Lakas to win out the last Senate seat. | |
2022 | Massachusetts House of Representatives | 2nd Essex | 0.00425% | 1 | 11,763 | Kristin Kassner (D) defeated incumbent Leonard Mirra (R).[82] | |
1882 | United States House of Representatives | Virginia's 1st District | 0.00476% | 1 | 10,505 | The initial tally had incumbent Democrat George T. Garrison up 70 votes on Readjuster challenger Robert M. Mayo. The Readjuster-controlled State Board of Canvassers then threw out the votes of Gloucester County and Hog Island precinct (Garrison had received all 14 votes from Hog Island). The new totals then had Mayo up one: 10,505–10,504. (A third candidate, the Republican John W. Woltz, received 168 votes).[83] Mayo was seated and served for a little over a year, but Garrison contested the result. The Committee of Elections then chose to accept the Gloucester County and Hog Island ballots and the House voted unanimously to seat Garrison.[84] | |
1868 | United States House of Representatives | North Carolina's 7th District | 0.004841% | 1 | 10,329 | Plato Durham (D) was initially declared elected over Alexander H. Jones (R) with an 18-vote majority: 10,347–10,329. When Republicans began to complain of fraud, the votes were sent to General Canby at Charleston, who threw out enough for Jones to defeat Durham. Jones was then elected by 1 vote, 10,329–10,328.[85][86][87][88][89] | |
2004 | Washington gubernatorial | Governor of Washington | 0.004842% | 133 | 1,373,361[90] | Democrat Christine Gregoire defeated Republican Dino Rossi, following two recounts, after the initial count and first recount showed Rossi as the winner. | |
2024 | Indian general | Mumbai North West | 0.00503% | 48 | 452,644 | Ravindra Waikar (Shiv Sena) won with a 48-vote-lead against Amol Gajanan Kirtikar (Shiv Sena (UBT)).[91] | |
2024 | Budapest local | Mayor of Budapest | 0.00524% | 41 | 371,578 | The candidate of the centre-left opposition candidate Gergely Karácsony defeated LMP candidate Dávid Vitézy who was backed by the Fidesz–KDNP alliance by 324 votes (0.0415%). Vitézy demanded a recount, asserting that a large portion of the ballots had been wrongfully deemed invalid. After recounting these ballots, the Hungarian National Election Office declared Karácsony the winner by a margin of 41 votes.[92][93] | |
1931 | United Kingdom general | Ilkeston | 0.00569% | 2 | 17,587 | A.J. Flint (National Labour) gained the seat from George Oliver (Labour). After the polls closed it became clear that the Ilkeston election was very close. There were four recounts overnight, and the Returning Officer decided to call a halt in the early hours to return later in the day. At the end of the fifth recount, the Returning Officer declared Flint elected by a majority of two votes over the sitting Labour MP. This result remains the joint smallest majority in any individual constituency election since universal suffrage.[94] | |
2002 | Irish general | Limerick West | 0.00584% | 1 | 8,564[95][96] | Going into the fourth (and final) count, sitting Fine Gael TD Dan Neville trailed his party colleague Michael Finucane, also an outgoing TD, 7,862 to 7,867 in the race for the third and final seat. He picked up 702 votes transferred from the eliminated candidates, six more than his opponent, to win by one vote. Finucane requested a recount, but when it became clear that the margin of his defeat would only increase, he requested the returning officer to terminate the recount, thus leaving the official margin of defeat at one vote. "I am happy enough with the findings and I accept it. Democracy has spoken and I am sure there are many people out there feeling sorry at this stage that they didn't vote for me to tip me over the line."[97][98] | |
1854 | United States House of Representatives | Illinois' 7th District | 0.00592% | 1 | 8,452 | On the initial tally, incumbent Democrat James C. Allen was ahead of challenger Republican William B. Archer by one vote: 8452–8451.
Archer contested. Livingston precinct had initially certified Allen and Archer's votes as 47–100 (in that precinct). But they later certified that they had made a mistake and the vote (in that precinct) should instead have been 46–102. In which case the overall vote should have been 8,451–8,453. The Committee of Elections concluded that Allen had won by at least 1 and probably 2 votes and recommended that he be seated. However, the House voted 94–90 that Allen was not qualified and also voted 91–89 that Archer would not be seated either. The seat was thus vacated.[99][100] A special election in 1856 was a rematch between Allen and Archer, and Allen soundly defeated Archer 13,081–10,136.[101] | |
2022 | Alabama State Senate Republican Primary | District 27 | 0.00597% | 1 | 8,373 | Jay Hovey defeated incumbent Tom Whatley. [102] | |
2000 | South Korean legislature | Gwangju | 0.00614% | 3 | 16,675 | GNP Park Hyuk-kyu defeated MDP Moon Hak-jin by an official tally of 3-vote difference.[103] | |
1966 | United Kingdom general | Peterborough | 0.00626% | 3 | 23,944 | Conservative Party incumbent Sir Harmar Nicholls defeated Labour Party challenger Michael Ward 23,944–23,941. Ward would again challenge and lose in 1970 and Feb 1974, but would win in Oct 1974. | |
1847 | United States House of Representatives | Indiana's 6th District | 0.0067% | 1 | 7,455 | Whig George G. Dunn defeated Democrat David M. Dobson 7,455–7,454.[104] | |
2017 | United Kingdom general | North East Fife | 0.00727% | 2 | 13,743 | Stephen Gethins of the Scottish National Party saw off a challenge by Elizabeth Riches of the Liberal Democrats to retain the seat of former leader Menzies Campbell.[105] | |
1962 | Minnesota gubernatorial | Governor of Minnesota | 0.00734% | 91 | 619,842 | The vote count after election day had Governor Elmer L. Andersen in the lead by 142 votes. Then-Lieutenant Governor Karl Rolvaag went to court and won the right for a recount.[106] After the recount, it was determined that Rolvaag of the DFL had defeated Andersen, Republican, by 91 votes out of over 1.2 million cast. Rolvaag collected 619,842 votes to Andersen's 619,751. | |
2020 | North Carolina Judicial | Chief Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court | 0.00744% | 401 | 2,695,951 | Following a count, recount and hand-to-eye recount in 1% of precincts, Incumbent Chief Justice Cheri Beasley was defeated by Justice Paul Newby. The result meant that Republicans won all 8 statewide judicial races in the 2020 general election.[107] | |
1916 | United States House of Representatives | Iowa's 11th District | 0.00768% | 4 | 26,033 | In the initial vote count, the sitting member Republican George C. Scott won by a majority of 131 votes, which Thomas J. Steele contested, alleging failure to count votes cast for the contestant and illegal counting of votes for the contestee. After a series of recounts, during which the lead switched back and forth and the contest was even tied at one point, the tally changed to 26,033–26,029 and after some legal wrangling (about lost ballots and votes by Iowa National Guardsmen serving at the Texas border), Scott was declared elected by the Democratically-controlled House.[108] | |
1991 | Virginia House of Delegates | District 53 | 0.00770% | 1 | 6,493 | After a recount, Jim Scott won by a single vote, earning him the nickname "Landslide Jim".[109] | |
2018 | Kentucky House of Representatives | 13th Representative District | 0.0079% | 1 | 6,319 | In the initial count, Democrat Jim Glenn defeated Republican incumbent DJ Johnson by 1 vote, which was confirmed by a recanvass. Johnson filed for a recount, and Glenn was seated on January 8, 2019. The House later ordered another recount which was carried out over the weekend of January 30.[110][111] Following that recount, Glenn emerged as the winner by 3 votes, but then the County Board of Electors voted to reinstate one of the votes taken from Johnson earlier in the day and later to count five of 17 rejected absentee ballot. The result was a 6,323–6,323 tie.[112][113] On February 8, 2019, when Glenn threatened to sue if a coin toss were held and he lost, Johnson withdrew his challenge, thus settling the election.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).
| |
1974 | United Kingdom general | Carmarthen | 0.00851% | 3 | 17,165 | Labour Party incumbent Gwynoro Jones defeated Plaid Cymru candidate Gwynfor Evans 17,165–17,162.[114] Jones had also beaten Evans in 1970, but would lose to Evans in Oct 1974. | |
2002 | Washington House of Representatives Republican Primary | 26th Legislative District | 0.00852% | 1 | 5,870 | Ed Mitchell defeated Kevin Entze by one vote: 5,870–5,869.[115][116] Adding insult to injury, one of Entze's friends admitted that they never got their ballot mailed. "He left his ballot on his kitchen counter and it never got sent out," Entze said.[117] Mitchell went on to narrowly lose the general election.[118] | |
1912 | Kansas gubernatorial | Governor of Kansas | 0.00866% | 29 | 167,437 | George H. Hodges defeated the popular Republican Arthur Capper by a razor-thin margin of 29 votes out of 359,684 cast.[119][120][121] | |
1948 | United States Senate Democratic Primary Runoff | Texas | 0.00880% | 87 | 494,191 | Lyndon B. Johnson is declared the winner over Coke R. Stevenson despite suspicion about 202 votes reported six days after the election from Precinct 13 of Jim Wells County. | |
1996 | Vermont Senate | Rutland County | 0.00911% | 2 | 10,978[122] | There were six candidates for the three Rutland County Senate seats. On the night of the election, John H. Bloomer, Jr. and Cheryl M. Hooker received the first and second highest vote totals. Hull Maynard received the third highest total with 10,952 votes and Thomas Macaulay received the fourth highest total with 10,934 votes.
Macaulay petitioned for a recount, whereupon the Rutland Superior Court determined that Maynard still beat Macaulay by two votes: 10,978–10,976. Macaulay's petition for further relief was dismissed by the Senate.[123][124][125] | |
2000 | United States presidential | Florida | 0.00921% | 537 | 2,912,790 | Republican George W. Bush was ahead of Democrat Al Gore after the initial count by 1,784 votes. After a mandatory statewide recount his lead was cut to 327.[126] After military and overseas ballots were added in, his lead increased to 930.[127] An additional hand recount was halted by the United States Supreme Court which resulted in the certified margin. Florida was the tipping point state for Bush's presidential victory. | |
2001 | Italian Senate | Marino | 0.00929% | 14 | 62,330 | Olive Tree candidate Severino Lavagnini was elected but the defeated House of Freedoms candidate won a seat via levelling seats. | |
1982 | New Hampshire Senate | District 8 | 0.00934% | 1 | 5,352 | Incumbent George Wiggins (R) defeated Fred Belair (D) by 1 vote.[128] | |
2010 | United Kingdom general | Fermanagh and South Tyrone | 0.00939% | 4 | 21,304 | Michelle Gildernew (Sinn Féin) defeated independent Rodney Connor.[129] | |
2022 | Connecticut House of Representatives | District 81 | 0.00944% | 1 | 10,593 | Democrat Chris Poulos defeated Republican Tony Morrison by 1 vote.[130] | |
2022 | California State Senate | District 16 | 0.009495% | 13 | 68,461 | Democratic incumbent Melissa Hurtado defeated Republican David Shepard by 13 votes.[131] | |
1970 | Missouri House of Representatives | District 116 | 0.01037% | 1 | 4,819 | Both the initial count and a recount showed that incumbent Gus Salley (R-Warsaw) had defeated Morran D. Harris (D-Osceola), though a clerical error cost Salley 100 votes, indicating the real result was not nearly as close.[1] Harris brought the case to the House Election Committee to decide, but they chose not to overturn the results.[132] | |
1832 | United States presidential | Maryland | 0.01044% | 4 | 19,160 | National Republican Henry Clay carried Maryland by four votes over Democratic President Andrew Jackson, but this is trivial since all of the electors were chosen based on the outcome in four districts. Had Jackson won the statewide vote it wouldn't have changed the electoral college vote.[133] | |
1910 | United Kingdom general | Exeter | 0.0105% | 1 | 4,777 | Henry Duke (Conservative), the incumbent at the time of the general election, re-gained the seat from Harold St Maur (Liberal) on an election petition in 1911. The court changed the original result (under which the Liberal had won by four votes). The revised result was the smallest numerical majority in a UK Parliamentary election in the twentieth century.[134] | |
2015 | Mississippi House of Representatives | District 79 | 0.0109% | 1 | 4,585 | After Democratic incumbent Blaine Eaton tied Republican Mark Tullos with 4,589 votes each, he won re-election by drawing the long straw.[135] However, Tullos asked the State House to review the results, which they did, resulting in them throwing out five affidavit ballots for Eaton. The ballots were cast by people who had moved within 30 days prior to the election and hadn't updated their address. The vote that seated Tullos was largely a party-line vote and gave Republicans a super-majority.[136] Which five ballots were invalidated was never publicly stated, but they were all for Eaton and so the committee stopped evaluation the votes because even if the other four were for Tullos and also invalid, Tullos would still win by 1 vote. The final official count is unknown, and the count here is based on that decision.[137] | |
2022 | Arizona general | Arizona Attorney General | 0.01116% | 280 | 1,254,809 | Democrat Kris Mayes originally defeated Republican Abraham Hamadeh by 511 votes, but after a recount, her lead narrowed to 280 votes.[138] | |
2001 | Cape Verdean presidential | President of Cape Verde | 0.0112% | 17 | 75,828[139] | Pedro Pires (African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde) defeated Carlos Veiga (Movement for Democracy) in the second round of the election after neither won more than 50% in the first round.[140] | |
1924 | United Kingdom general | Leeds, West | 0.0114% | 3 | 13,057 | Labour Party candidate Thomas Stamford defeated Conservative Party candidate A.F.G. Renton 13,057–13,054. This was the lowest margin of victory in a Leeds parliamentary election.[141] | |
1908 | United States House of Representatives | Massachusetts's 10th District | 0.0121% | 4 | 16,533[142] | Representative Joseph F. O'Connell, a Democrat, defeated J. Mitchel Galvin, a Republican, by four votes, 16,553 to 16,549.[143] The record does not disclose the official returns, but a recount before a bipartisan board under the laws of Massachusetts gave O'Connell 16,553 votes, Galvin 16,549 votes, and two other candidates 1,380 and 1,187 votes, respectively, a plurality of 4 votes for Galvin, the sitting Member.[144] | |
1923 | United Kingdom general | Devon, Tiverton | 0.0122% | 3 | 12,303 | Liberal Party incumbent Francis Dyke Acland defeated Conservative Party candidate Gilbert John Acland-Troyte 12,303–12,300. Acland had also defeated Acland-Troyte in the by-election earlier that same year, but Acland-Troyte would defeat Acland in 1924.[145] | |
1972 | Canadian federal | Ontario | 0.0123% | 4 | 16,328 | Liberal incumbent Norman Cafik defeated Progressive Conservative Frank Charles McGee.[146] A PC win in this district would have resulted in a 108–108 tie with the Liberals in the overall seat count. | |
2006 | Hungarian general election | District 8 of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county | 0.01263% | 3 | 11,871[147] | Socialist candidate Nándor Gúr defeated incumbent, conservative, Fidesz-candidate Oszkár Molnár by 9 votes. At Molnár's request, the Court decided to recount the votes and Gúr finally won by three votes.[148] | |
2018 | Italian Chamber of Deputies | Guidonia Montecelio | 0.01269% | 19 | 55,360 | M5S candidate Sebastiano Cubeddu defeated CDX candidate Barbara Saltamartini. | |
2008 | United States Senate | Minnesota | 0.01287% | 312 | 1,212,629 | After the first count, Norm Coleman edged out Al Franken by 215 votes, but following a state mandated recount, Al Franken defeated Norm Coleman by 225.[149] Coleman contested the recount, after which Franken's lead grew to 312. After the Minnesota Supreme Court unanimously rejected Coleman's appeals, he conceded the race to Franken on June 30, 2009, 238 days after the election.[150] | |
1929 | United Kingdom general | Cheshire, Northwich | 0.01292% | 4 | 15,477 | In this three-way race, Conservative Party incumbent Lord Colum Crichton-Stuart defeated Labour Party candidate Mrs. Barbara Ayrton-Gould 15,477–15,473. Chrichton-Stuart also defeated Mrs. Gould in 1924 and 1931.[151] | |
1994 | United States House of Representatives | Connecticut's 2nd district | 0.0133% | 21 | 79,188 | In this three-way race between Democrat Sam Gejdenson, Republican Edward Munster, and Connecticut Party candidate David Bingham, the initial official tally was 79,169–79,167–27,729 (186,065 total votes).[152] Following a recount, Gejdenson and Munster were 79,160–79,156 with 186,030 total votes cast. The Connecticut Supreme Court ruled instead that the correct final tally was 79,188–79,167, awarding the seat to Gejdenson.[153] (However the Court did not mention what the correct total number of votes cast was.) Munster originally contested the election in the Republican-controlled House, but withdrew his contest citing the expense and time it would take.[154] | |
1964 | Selangor State Legislative Assembly | Kepong | 0.0134% | 2 | 7,487 | Tan Chee Khoon, president of the Labour Party of Selangor, defeated the incumbent Chan Keong Hon of the Malaysian Chinese Association by two votes.[155] At the time Chan was a member of the state executive council. | |
2016 | Vermont Senate Democratic Primary | Washington County District | 0.0135% | 1 | 3,709 | Superior Court Judge Timothy Tomasi determined that Francis K. Brooks defeated fourth-place finisher Ashley Hill by one vote in the Democratic primary for the three-member at-large Washington County district, 3,709 to 3,708.[156] The victory hinged on a disputed ballot from Worcester that Tomasi determined contained a vote for Brooks, but not one for Hill.[156] Brooks went on to finish third in the general election that fall, unseating longtime incumbent Republican Bill Doyle by 191 votes.[157] | |
1968 | South Australian House of Assembly | Seat of Millicent | 0.0138% | 1 | 3,635[158] | On 2 March 1968, Martin Cameron contested the seat of Millicent for the House of Assembly, standing against the sitting member, and minister in the Labor Cabinet, Des Corcoran. Narrowly losing the seat by one vote (3635–3634), the Liberal and Country League challenged the decision and the election was referred to the South Australian Court of Disputed Returns. The court ordered a by-election, which was held on 22 June. This was won comfortably by Corcoran (3994–3564), the Dunstan-led Australian Labor Party running the campaign on electoral reform.[159] | |
1930 | Canadian federal | Yamaska | 0.0143% | 1 | 3,505 | Liberal incumbent Aimé Boucher defeated Conservative Paul-François Comtois.[160] The riding result was later declared void, and Boucher won the by-election in 1933 by 84 votes (0.1%). | |
1968 | Canadian federal | Leeds | 0.01478% | 4 | 13,536 | Progressive Conservative Desmond Code defeated Liberal incumbent John Matheson.[161] | |
1945 | United Kingdom general | Worcester | 0.01479% | 4 | 13,523 | In this three-way race, Conservative Party candidate George Ward defeated Labour Party/Co-operative Party candidate J. Evans 13,523–13,519.[162] | |
2020 | Queensland Legislative Assembly | Bundaberg | 0.0148% | 9 | 30,287 | Australian Labor Party candidate Tom Smith won the seat, unseating Liberal National Party MP David Batt, by just 9 votes, after distribution of minor candidate preferences. The margin had been initially reported as 11 votes, but was reduced to 9 votes after a formal recount.[163] | |
1946 | Philippine Senate | At-large | 0.0149% | 384 | 557,156 | The Philippine Senate is elected via multiple non-transferable vote. The 8th placed candidate, Salipada Pendatun of the Liberal Party, edged out partymate Prospero Sanidad to win out the last Senate seat. Sanidad later won an election protest to enter the Senate. | |
1949 | Canadian federal | Annapolis—Kings | 0.0152% | 4 | 13,202 | Liberal Angus Alexander Elderkin defeated Progressive Conservative incumbent George Nowlan.[164] | |
2020 | Florida State Senate | District 37 | 0.01529% | 32 | 104,630 | After the initial tally, challenger Ileana Garcia led incumbent Jose Javier Rodriguez by 21 votes. An automatic hand recount extended that lead to 32 votes. The race was marred by fraud as a 3rd party candidate, also with the last name Rodriquez, received more than 6000 votes after being funded by a mysterious donor who funded an ad campaign that seemed designed to confuse voters.[165] A few months after the election the candidate, Alex Rodríguez, pleaded guilty to accepting illegal campaign donations and lying on campaign documents and agreed to testify against former Sen. Frank Artiles who had been charged with felony campaign fraud charges in March 2021.[166] | |
1968 | Wisconsin House of Representatives | District 25 | 0.01533% | 2 | 6,523 | Official count showed a margin of 3 vote for Joseph L. Looby (D) over Wilmer R. Waters (R), but it was 1 after a recount. A case was filed with the circuit court, where the judge declared the margin was two votes. An election committee investigated, but could make no proclamation of the true margin. After Waters appealed to the Republican controlled assembly, it voted unanimously to seat Looby.[1][167] | |
2018 | Pennsylvania House of Representatives Republican Primary | District 193 | 0.015366% | 1 | 1,784 | Republican Torren Ecker defeated three others.[168] | |
2002 | Connecticut House of Representatives | District 65 | 0.0155% | 1 | 3,236 | Republican Anne Ruwet defeated Democrat John S. Kovaleski by one vote (3,236–3,235).[169] | |
1922 | United States House of Representatives | New York's 21st District | 0.0156% | 10 | 32,089 | Sitting Member Royal H. Weller had been returned by an official plurality of 245 votes, which the contestant Martin C. Ansorge contested. Following a recount, the tally was 32,089–32,079 and Weller was declared elected.[170] | |
1964 | United Kingdom general | Brighton Kemptown | 0.0157% | 7 | 22,308 | Labour Party challenger Dennis Hobden defeated incumbent Conservative Party David James 22,308–22,301.[171] | |
2022 | 2022 North Carolina state legislature Republican primary | North Carolina House of Representatives District 115 | 0.0159% | 1 | 3,146 | After a hand-eye recount that added one vote to his total, Pratik Bhakta defeated Sherry M. Higgins.[172] | |
1870 | United States House of Representatives | Indiana's 4th District | 0.0159% | 4 | 12,561 | Republican Jeremiah M. Wilson defeated Democrat David S. Gooding by 4 votes: 12561–12557.[173] Gooding contested. The Committee's majority report gave Wilson a "clear legal majority of 8", while the minority report gave Gooding a majority of 17. The US House then voted 105–64 (71 abstentions) "on strictly party lines" to reject the minority report, accept the majority report, and thereby seat Wilson.[174][175][176] | |
1950 | Maryland Senate | Garrett County | 0.0162% | 1 | 3,080 | Republican incumbent Neil C. Fraley defeated Democratic challenger Bernard I. Gonder by one vote: 3,080–3,079.[177][178][179][180] Gonder contested the result but to no avail.[181] | |
1983 | United Kingdom general | Leicester South | 0.0163% | 7 | 21,424 | Conservative Party challenger Derek Spencer defeated Labour Party incumbent Jim Marshall 21,424–21,417. | |
2004 | Kelantan State Legislative Assembly | Kemuning | 0.01646% | 2 | 6,078 | The Kemuning state constituency was shifted east in the 2004 redelineation, absorbing most of the abolished Banggol Judah constituency. Incumbent Banggol Judah assemblyman Zakaria Yaacob retained the seat for PAS by two votes against UMNO candidate Wan Mohamad Zin Mat Amin, 6,078–6,076. Crucially, this allowed PAS to maintain control of the Kelantan assembly throughout the term as it won 24 seats to UMNO's 22, and UMNO subsequently cut PAS' margin to one seat by winning the 2005 Pengkalan Pasir by-election. | |
1988 | Canadian federal | London—Middlesex | 0.0165% | 8 | 18,534 | Progressive Conservative MP Terry Clifford narrowly edged out Liberal Garnet Bloomfield.[182] | |
1959 | Japanese House of Councillors | Tottori at-large | 0.016529% | 39 | 117,991 | JSP’s incumbent Yoshio Nakata defeated LDP’s challenger Masao Miyazaki by 39 votes.[183] | |
2005 | Virginia General | Virginia Attorney General | 0.01663% | 323 | 970,886 | Bob McDonnell was certified as the victor over Creigh Deeds following a recount.[184] | |
1988 | Massachusetts Governor's Council Democratic Primary | 3rd District | 0.0170% | 5 | 14,709 | In the recount, Robert B. Kennedy led Herbert Connolly by one vote: 14,716–14,715.[185] (Connolly had actually failed to vote for himself.)[186] In the recount, Kennedy again led by one vote: 14,691–14,690. Connolly contested the result. The Supreme Judicial Court considered 116 contested votes and decided ultimately that Kennedy won by five votes: 14,709–14,704.[187] | |
1829 | United States House of Representatives | Kentucky's 2nd District | 0.0179% | 1 | 5,591 | Jacksonsian candidate Nicholas D. Coleman defeated Adams candidate Adam Beatty 2520–2519.[188] | |
2018 | Pakistani general | Mardan-II | 0.0181% | 35 | 78,911 | Awami National Party's Ameer Haider Hoti defeated Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's Atif Khan 78,911-78,876.[189] | |
2011 | Canadian federal | Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup | 0.0189% | 9 | 17,285 | Conservative incumbent Bernard Généreux was initially declared the winner by 311 votes. Subsequently, the returning officer determined that approximately 300 votes for the New Democratic candidate, François Lapointe, had been allocated to the Green Party candidate in error. After the correction, Lapointe was declared elected by 5 votes, prompting an automatic judicial recount. As a result of this recount, Lapointe was confirmed as the victor over Généreux by 9 votes, 17,285-17,276.[190] | |
1936 | United States House of Representatives | New Hampshire's 1st District | 0.0193% | 20 | 51,702 | After the initial count, Republican Arthur B. Jenks was declared the winner by 550 votes, however a recount left the vote tied at 51,690 votes each. Both parties contested ballots, 108 in total, to the state ballot-law commission which after ruling on each determined that Alphonse Roy had won 51,695-51,678. After those hearings were over, Jenks argued that there was a 36 ballot discrepancy between those cast and those counted in Newton. The ballot-law commission called for another recount, finding the count was now 51,702 to 51,678, but also that 34 ballots were missing and that they should be awarded to Jenks making him the winner by 10 votes. Roy contested, and though Jenks wasn't sworn in until 2 days after Congress met, he did take office. During Roy's contest the majority of the Committee on Elections found that though there was a discrepancy between the ballots and the tally sheet, there was no evidence that any ballots had disappeared due to fraud or mistake and that in such a conflict the ballots should be considered the best evidence of the votes cast; and they found that four additional ballots should be awarded to Jenks raising his total to 51,682. The minority of the committee argued that they could establish both by testimony and the tally sheets that more people had voted in Newton than there were ballots to count; that in every race in Newton Republicans had lost 34 votes in the recount and Democrats had lost zero; and that the number of ballots (used and unused) returned to the state was 34 lower than what was sent. In the end the Democratically-controlled House decided to accept the majority's position, and on June 9, 1938 Jenks was removed from office and Roy was seated. Jenks then won election five months later and served until 1943.[191][192] | |
2003 | Somaliland presidential | President of Somaliland | 0.0195% | 80 | 205,595 | Dahir Riyale Kahin, of the For Unity, Democracy, and Independence party narrowly defeated the Peace, Unity, and Development Party's Ahmed M. Mahamoud Silanyo in a three-way race.[193][unreliable source?] | |
1974 | United Kingdom general | Bodmin | 0.0196% | 9 | 20,283 | Liberal challenger Paul Tyler defeated Conservative Party incumbent Robert Hicks 20,283–20,274.[194] | |
2001 | Italian Senate | Rome Centre | 0.0196% | 29 | 68,773 | House of Freedoms candidate Giulio Maceratini was elected but the defeated The Olive Tree Tana De Zulueta candidate won a seat via levelling seats. | |
2006 | Oklahoma House of Representatives | District 25 | 0.0208% | 2 | 4,798 | Initially Democrat Darrel Nemecek beat Republican Todd Thomsen by two votes for the Oklahoma House of Representatives seat in its 25th district. But during the recount, a Hughes County judge threw out four votes for Nemecek when it was discovered the voters who cast the contested ballots were not registered to vote in the district. Though Nemecek argued that the straight-party option was confusing and voter intent was clear on some ballots that were not counted for him, Thomsen was declared the winner and sworn in.[195][196][197] | |
2004 | Commonwealth's Attorney Special Election | Radford District | 0.0211% | 1 | 2,375 | Chris E. Rehak defeated Patrick Moore by 1 vote, and a recount didn't change the margin.[198] | |
1820 | United States House of Representatives | Maryland's 6th District | 0.02136% | 1 | 2,341 | The race for Maryland's 6th District House Seat was originally declared a tie, and so the Governor and Council of Maryland – in what they thought was accordance of the law – decided to seat Jeremiah Cosden. Phillip Reed, who like Cosden was a Democratic-Republican, contested the election. The House decided that the Governor and Council were not allowed to choose a winner; that two votes for Reed that were excluded ought to count and that one that was counted for him was illegal. As a result Cosden, who had been seated for 15 days, was removed and Reed was seated for the remainder of the term.[45][199] | |
2021 | United States House of Representatives Democratic Primary | Florida's 20th District | 0.02144% | 5 | 11,662 | In the Democratic primary for the chance to replace Alcee Hastings who had died in April, healthcare executive Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick defeated Broward County Commissioner Dale Holness by just 5 votes. The election day results had Cherfilus-McCormick ahead by 12 votes, but a recount narrowed that lead to 5.[200] | |
1896 | Canadian federal | Ontario North | 0.0215% | 1 | 2,328 | Liberal-Conservative John Alexander McGillivray defeated Patrons of Industry Duncan Graham.[50] | |
2022 | New York State Assembly | New York's 99th State Assembly district | 0.021575% | 8 | 18,539 | Democrat Chris Eachus defeated Republican Kathryn Luciani by 8 votes following a hand recount.[201] | |
1900 | Canadian federal | Selkirk | 0.0230% | 1 | 2,172 | Liberal William Forsythe McCreary defeated Conservative John Herber Haslam.[202] This was the second time in a row that a Liberal candidate defeated his Conservative rival in this riding by a single vote. | |
2024 | Colorado House of Representatives Republican Primary | District 58 | 0.0231% | 3 | 6,489 | Larry Suckla defeated J. Mark Roeber.[203] | |
1904 | United States presidential | Maryland | 0.0233% | 51 | 109,497 | Republican President Theodore Roosevelt barely carried Maryland over Democrat Alton Parker on his way to an electoral landslide.[204] | |
1970 | United Kingdom general | Ipswich | 0.0234% | 13 | 27,704 | Conservative Party challenger Ernle Money defeated Labour Party incumbent Dingle Foot 27,704–27,691.[205] | |
1959 | United Kingdom general | South East Derbyshire | 0.0236% | 12 | 25,374 | Conservative Party challenger John Jackson defeated Labour Party incumbent Arthur Champion 25,374–25,362.[206] | |
2010 | Texas House of Representatives | District 48 | 0.02398% | 12 | 25,023 | Election Day results gave Democrat Donna Howard a 16 vote victory. Following a recount, that lead was cut to 12 votes. Republican Dan Neil requested the election by investigated by the House of Representatives.[207] After a four-day hearing headed up by Representative Will Hartnett, Howard was found to have won the election by 4 votes and Neil ultimately dropped the contest.[207] The Secretary of State still reports an official margin of 12 votes.[208] | |
1964 | United Kingdom general | Reading | 0.02402% | 10 | 20,815 | Conservative Party incumbent Peter Emery defeated Labour Party challenger John Lee 20,815–20,810. Lee would later defeat Emery in 1966.[209] | |
1822 | United States House of Representatives | New York's 29th District | 0.0241% | 1 | 2,072 | Initially, Isaac Wilson and Parmenio Adams had 2,093–2,077 votes. On a recount, the tally changed to 2,071–2,072. There were also irregularities raised. The committee of elections considered it "doubtful, from the evidence, who ought to have been returned". The House then voted 116–85 to seat Adams.[210] | |
2021 | Canadian federal | Châteauguay—Lacolle | 0.02412% | 12 | 18,029 | Liberal incumbent Brenda Shanahan Defeats Bloc Québécois candidate Patrick O'Hara after a recount. | |
1900 | Canadian federal | Bruce North | 0.02418% | 1 | 2,065 | Liberal-Conservative incumbent Alexander McNeill defeated Liberal J. E. Campbell.[202] Later the election was voided. | |
2022 | Italian Chamber of Deputies | Ravenna | 0.02419% | 44 | 75,596 | CDX candidate Alice Buonguerrieri defeated CSX candidate Ouidad Bakkali . | |
1964 | United Kingdom general | Eton and Slough | 0.024255% | 11 | 22,681 | Conservative Party challenger Anthony Meyer defeated Labour Party incumbent Fenner Brockway 22,681–22,670.[211] | |
2024 | Brandenburg state election | Spree-Neiße I | 0.025153% | 7 | 11,562 | Incumbent minister president Dietmar Woidke barely loses his constituency.[212] | |
1923 | United Kingdom general | Durham, Sedgefield | 0.0252% | 6 | 11,093 | Conservative Party challenger Leonard Ropner defeated Labour Party incumbent John Herriotts 11,093–11,087.[213] | |
2016 | New York Senate | 8th District | 0.0256% | 33 | 64,499 | John Brooks secured a spot in the State Senate by defeating incumbent Republican Michael Venditto.[214] | |
2017 | Japanese general | Niigata 3rd | 0.025692% | 50 | 95,644 | Independent incumbent Takahiro Kuroiwa defeated LDP’s challenger Hiroski Saito by 50 votes.[215] | |
1980 | Utah House of Representatives | District 44 | 0.0259% | 1 | 1,931 | A recount gave Republican Bob Curran a 1-vote victory over the incumbent Democrat Jen Patterson, after leading by 2 votes following the official canvass.[1][216] | |
2018 | Oregon House of Representatives Republican Primary | District 53 | 0.0265% | 2 | 3,771 | Jack Zika defeated Ben Schimmoller.[217] | |
1914 | Australian House of Representatives | Werriwa | 0.0266% | 7 | 13,162 | John Lynch defeated the sitting member Alfred Conroy by seven votes.[79] | |
1930 | Canadian federal | Norfolk—Elgin | 0.0266% | 5 | 9,424 | Liberal William H. Taylor defeated Conservative John Lawrence Stansell.[160] | |
1832 | United States House of Representatives | Ohio's 7th District | 0.02675% | 2 | 3,739 | William Allen (later 31st Governor of Ohio) defeated General and 11th Governor of Ohio Duncan McArthur by two votes: 3739–3737.[218] According to Niles' National Register, a third candidate by the name of Murphy also won 55 votes.[219] | |
1899 | New Zealand House of Representatives | Riccarton | 0.02678% | 1 | 1,867 | Incumbent MP William Rolleston lost his seat to Liberal challenger George Warren Russell after a margin of only 1 vote separated the two on the final count.[220] | |
1876 | United States House of Representatives | Massachusetts' 3rd District | 0.0268% | 5 | 9,313[221] (depending on which count use) | After much investigation, the Committee of Elections gave Walbridge Field the 5-vote majority over Benjamin Dean. | |
1970 | Massachusetts House of Representatives Democratic Primary | 14th Essex | 0.02722% | 3 | 5,513 | In a 3-way race, Edward J. Grimley, Jr. topped Gerard A. Guilmette by 3 votes, but Guilmette ran in the general and topped him by 2.2%. The two would meet again in both the 1972 primary and general with Grimley winning both, also in close races. Guilmette would then serve two terms representing 25th Essex.[222] | |
1970 | Massachusetts House of Representatives Democratic Primary | 17th Worcester | 0.02723% | 2 | 3,674 | Andrew Collaro defeated Robert J. Bohigian, but then Bohigian defeated him by 900+ votes in the general. Collaro and Bohigian would repeat this process in 1972 and then Collaro would represent 22nd and 15th Worcester from 1974 to 1992. Bohigian would serve until he lost re-election in 1990.[223] | |
2017 | French legislative (2nd round) | Loiret's 4th constituency | 0.0275% | 8 | 14,561 | Four-term incumbent Jean-Pierre Door of The Republicans (LR) narrowly defeated Mélusine Harlé of La République En Marche! by 8 votes in the second round. Harlé filed an appealed the result to the Constitutional Council,[224] which annulled the election on 18 December 2017 due to the number of ballots not corresponding to the number of signatures in one commune and the improper dissemination of electoral materials which was considered sufficient to potentially have altered the result of the election.[225] Door won the seat in a 2018 election. | |
1843 | United States House of Representatives | Indiana's 7th District | 0.0276% | 3 | 5,441 | Democrat Joseph A. Wright defeated Whig Edward W. McGaughey 5,441–5,438.[226] | |
2007 | Australian federal | Division of McEwen | 0.02794% | 31 | 48,339 | Liberal Fran Bailey defeated Labor Rob Mitchell following a recount and court challenge.[227][228] | |
1891 | Canadian federal | Wentworth South | 0.02821% | 1 | 1,773 | Conservative Franklin Carpenter defeated Liberal James T. Russell.[229] | |
1914 | United States House of Representatives | New York's 1st District | 0.02822% | 10 | 17,726 | Initial election returns handed Republican Frederick C. Hicks, a 15 vote win over Representative Lathrop Brown, a Democrat. A review of ballots by the New York Supreme Court took more than a year and when it was completed the lead was cut to four votes, 17,726 to 17,722.[143][230] A review by the Court of Appeals changed the plurality to 10 votes. Hicks was issued a certificate of election on December 21, 1915 – more than 13 months after he election, making this one of the longest in the history of the House. Brown contested the election, arguing that there were errors made by the inspectors (and that some precinct workers were drunk on election day), but the House found that they could not review the ballots unless the returns had been discredited, which they had not.[231] | |
1970 | Rhode Island House of Representatives | District 26 | 0.0284% | 1 | 1,760 | After recounts, Democrat John F. Hagan beat the Republican nominee Benedetto A. Cerilli.[1][232] | |
1997 | United Kingdom general | Torbay | 0.0285% | 12 | 21,094 | Liberal Democrat candidate Adrian Sanders gained the seat from the sitting Conservative MP Rupert Allason.[233] | |
1887 | Canadian federal | Haldimand | 0.02865% | 1 | 1,746 | Conservative Walter Humphries Montague defeated Liberal incumbent Charles Wesley Colter.[49] | |
1896 | Canadian federal | Selkirk | 0.02920% | 1 | 1,713 | Liberal John Alexander MacDonell defeated Conservative Hugh Armstrong.[50] | |
1979 | Virginia Senate | District 37 | 0.0293% | 9 | 15,379 | Madison Marye (D) defeated Edwin E. Stone (R) by 20 votes and a December 4, 1979 narrowed the margin to 9.[234] | |
1935 | Canadian federal | Vancouver—Burrard | 0.0294% | 6 | 10,215 | Liberal Gerald Grattan McGeer defeated Co-operative Commonwealth candidate Arnold Alexander Webster by 6 votes.[235] | |
2016 | Philippine House of Representatives | Northern Samar's 1st District | 0.02951% | 47 | 80,157 | Liberal incumbent Raul Daza defeated Nacionalista Harlin Abayon in a rematch of the 2013 election where Abayon won by 52 votes. Daza won against Abayon's protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.[236] | |
2020 | Vanuatuan general election | Banks | 0.0300% | 1 | 1,091 | Danny Silas defeated Jack Wona by 1 vote. | |
2004 | Philippine Senate | At-large | 0.0301% | 10,685 | 10,635,270 | The Philippine Senate is elected via multiple non-transferable vote. The 12th placed candidate, Rodolfo Biazon of the Lakas, edged out partymate Robert Barbers to win out the last Senate seat. | |
1912 | United States presidential | California | 0.0307% | 174 | 283,610 | Former President Theodore Roosevelt, running on the Republican and Progressive ballot lines in California (Republican President William Howard Taft was not on the ballot in the state, although he did receive 3,914 write-in votes), narrowly edged out Democrat Woodrow Wilson in California, but Wilson won a landslide in the Electoral College due to divided Republican opposition.[237] | |
1998 | New Hampshire Senate | District 16 | 0.0318% | 5 | 7,867 | Patricia Krueger (R) defeated Stephen DeStefano (D) by 16 votes. Following a recount that was narrowed to 7. DeStefano appealed the recount but the count was only changed by 2 votes.[238] | |
1945 | United Kingdom general | Manchester, Rusholme | 0.0324% | 10 | 15,408 | Labour Party candidate (unofficial) Hugh Lester Hutchinson defeated Conservative Party incumbent Frederick William Cundiff 15,408–15,398.[239] | |
1976 | United States House of Representatives Democratic Primary | Massachusetts's 1st District | 0.0330% | 13 | 19,694 | Edward McColgan beat Edward O'Brien and then lost the general election.[240] | |
1917 | Australian House of Representatives | Macquarie | 0.0331% | 9 | 13,566 | Samuel Nicholls defeated the sitting member Ernest Carr by nine votes.[79] | |
1935 | Canadian federal | Souris | 0.0333% | 3 | 4,504 | Liberal-Progressive George William McDonald defeated Progressive Conservative incumbent Errick French Willis.[235] | |
2011 | New Zealand general | Waitakere | 0.0334% | 9 | 13,465 | National incumbent Paula Bennett retained her seat over Labour challenger Carmel Sepuloni after a judicial recount was requested by Bennett. The original official result had Sepuloni winning with a margin of 11 votes.[241][242] | |
1929 | United Kingdom general | Birmingham Ladywood | 0.0335% | 11 | 16,447 | Labour Party candidate Wilfred Whiteley defeated Conservative Party candidate Geoffrey Lloyd 16,447–16,436.[243] | |
2018 | Virginia House of Delegates Republican Primary | District 24 | 0.033523% | 1 | 1,068 | Ronnie R. Campbell beat Jimmy Ayers and two other challengers in a special primary election caused by Ben Cline being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.[244] | |
2011 | Scottish Parliament | Glasgow Anniesland | 0.0339% | 7 | 10,329 | Incumbent Labour MSP Bill Butler was defeated by Bill Kidd of the Scottish National Party (SNP).[245] | |
1964 | United Kingdom general | Preston North | 0.0340% | 14 | 20,566 | Conservative Party incumbent Julian Amery defeated Labour Party challenger Russell Kerr 20,566–20,552.[209] | |
2016 | Jamaican general | Saint Mary South Eastern | 0.0341% | 5 | 7,324 | People's National Party incumbent Winston Green defeated Jamaica Labour Party challenger Norman Alexander Dunn 7,324–7,319.[246] | |
2006 | United States House of Representatives | Connecticut's 2nd District | 0.0342% | 83 | 121,248 | Democratic challenger Joe Courtney was up 167 votes on Republican incumbent Rob Simmons after the initial vote.[247] On the recount, Courtney remained the victor by 83 votes: 121,248–121,165.[248] | |
1955 | Virginia House of Delegates | District 55 | 0.0346% | 2 | 2,891 | John A. Mackenzie (D) defeated William J. Moody (D)[249] | |
2020 | United States House of Representatives | New York's 22nd District | 0.0349% | 109 | 156,098 | Republican Claudia Tenney, after a lengthy set of recounts and court cases, defeated Anthony Brindisi by 109 votes in a race that wasn't decided until early February. When the polls initially closed, Tenney held a large 28,422-vote lead based on the in-person vote. But as mail-in ballots poured in, her lead dwindled to 12 votes. As the courts reviewed ballots the lead grew and shrank until a judge ruled the race over and that Tenney should be certified. With appeals still pending, Brindisi conceded and dropped all legal challenges on February 8, 2021.[250] | |
2018 | Kentucky House of Representatives | District 96 | 0.035% | 5 | 7,136 | Incumbent republicanJill York lost to democrat Kathy Hinkle[251] | |
2015 | Córdoba Legislature | Pocho Department | 0.03546% | 1 | 1,106 | Hugo Cuello (Union for Córdoba) won the seat for the Pocho Department by 1,106 votes against Raúl Recalde (Together for Córdoba) 1,105 votes. | |
1978 | New Hampshire Senate Republican Primary | District 14 | 0.03560% | 3 | 4,215 | Incumbent Thomas J. Claveau (D) defeated Phyllis Keeney (R).[252] | |
1922 | United States House of Representatives | Illinois' 6th District | 0.03564% | 42 | 58,928 | Democrat James R. Buckley defeated incumbent Republican John J. Gorman by 42 votes. Gorman contested the election on the basis that there were many errors, mistakes, and irregularities and a recount would show he had won. However Gorman failed to submit his evidence within the 30 days required and therefore had no standing. In a rematch in 1924, Gorman regained his seat.[253] | |
1964 | United States Senate | Nevada | 0.03565% | 48 | 67,336 | Democratic incumbent Howard Cannon defeated Republican Paul Laxalt.[254] | |
2013 | Philippine House of Representatives | Northern Samar's 1st District | 0.03569% | 52 | 72,857 | Nacionalista Harlin Abayon defeated Liberal incumbent Raul Daza. Daza won on a recount by the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal and replaced Abayon, but Abayon won an appeal in the Supreme Court. Abayon was still not seated in the last day of the 16th Congress.[255] | |
1945 | Canadian federal | Colchester—Hants | 0.0357% | 8 | 11,141 | Progressive Conservative Frank Stanfield defeated Liberal incumbent Gordon Timlin Purdy.[256] | |
1982 | Maine House of Representatives | District 69 | 0.03606% | 1 | 1,387 | Unofficial counts said it was tied, but all subsequent counts were 1,387–1,386[1] Winner was Walter R. Sherburne. | |
1916 | United States House of Representatives | North Carolina's 10th District | 0.03611% | 13 | 18,008 | When ballots were originally canvassed, James J. Britt held a scant 13 vote lead over challenger Zebulon Weaver. However, Buncombe County decided to accept 90 unmarked ballots (ballots that were printed as either Republican or Democratic ballots) and those ballots gave Weaver an 8 vote lead. Weaver was certified and provisionally seated while Britt contested the election. The House found in his favor, but by the time he was sworn in there was only 4 days remaining in his term.[257] | |
1990 | Ohio general | Ohio Attorney General | 0.03672% | 1,234 | 1,680,698 | Democratic candidate Lee Fisher defeated Republican Paul Pfeifer after a six-week recount, earning him the ironic nickname "Landslide Lee".[258] | |
2000 | Canadian federal | Champlain | 0.03674% | 15 | 20,423 | Bloc Québécois candidate Marcel Gagnon narrowly edged out Liberal Julie Boulet.[259] | |
1859 | United States House of Representatives | Tennessee's 9th District | 0.0371% | 7 | 9,437 | Emerson Etheridge defeated Democrat John DeWitt Clinton Atkins, 9,437–9,430.[260][261] | |
1922 | United Kingdom general | Manchester, Clayton | 0.0372% | 11 | 14,800 | Conservative Party candidate William Henry Flanagan defeated Labour Party candidate John Edward Sutton, 14,800–14,789.[262] Sutton had beaten Flanagan in the by-election earlier that year. | |
2024 | 2024 New Hampshire House of Representatives Republican Primary | District Rockingham 40 | 0.0373% | 1 | 1,340 | Linda McGrath beat Richard Sawyer.[263] | |
2018 | Victoria Legislative Assembly | Electoral district of Ripon | 0.03745% | 15 | 20,035 | Incumbent Louise Staley of the Liberal Party defeated Sarah de Santis of the Labor Party [264] | |
2018 | Alaska House of Representatives | District 1 | 0.03755% | 1 | 2,663 | Republican nominee Bart LeBon defeated Democrat Kathryn Dodge 2,663-2,662 following a recount and a state supreme court challenge.[265][266] Dodge challenged the findings of the Division of Elections on three ballots, two that were counted and one that was not, but the Supreme Court upheld the count and Dodge conceded. The race decided control of the Alaska House of Representatives, technically giving Republicans a majority, but due to defections created a 20–20 tie instead of Democratic control.[267] After weeks of deadlock, Bryce Edgmon (who originally won his seat with a coin toss) switched his party affiliation from Democratic to Independent and was re-elected Speaker and several committees were set up with bipartisan leadership. | |
1951 | United Kingdom general | Belfast West | 0.03769% | 25 | 33,174 | Irish Labour candidate Jack Beattie defeated UUP incumbent Thomas Teevan, 33,174–33,149.[268] | |
1968 | Canadian federal | Comox—Alberni | 0.03771% | 9 | 11,939 | Liberal Richard Durante defeated New Democratic incumbent Thomas Speakman Barnett.[161] The result was later declared void and Durante lost the by-election to Barnett in 1969. | |
1935 | United Kingdom general | Kingswinford | 0.0382% | 16 | 20,925 | Labour Party challenger Arthur Henderson defeated Conservative Party incumbent Alan Livesey Stuart Todd, 20,925–20,909.[269] | |
2023 | Virginia State Senate Republican Primary | 29 | 0.0384% | 2 | 2,605 | Democrat Nikki Baldwin defeated Maria Martin. [270] | |
1896 | Canadian federal | York East | 0.03841% | 1 | 3,907 | Independent Conservative incumbent William F. McLean defeated Liberal Henry R. Frankland.[50] F | |
2008 | Canadian federal | Kitchener—Waterloo | 0.0390% | 17 | 21,830 | Conservative Peter Braid defeated Liberal Andrew Telegdi after a recount.[271] | |
1828 | United States House of Representatives | New York's 20th District | 0.03917% | 7 | 8,939 | In 1828, the 20th district had two representatives and all candidates ran in one race. Jacksonian Silas Wright, Jr. finished in 3rd place, 7 votes behind Adams-supporter George Fisher. Wright contested the outcome and a House investigation found that 130 votes for Wright had not been returned for him because of mistakes by election officials. The House removed Fisher, who did not object to the outcome and resigned, and gave the seat to Wright. Wright in the meantime had been elected state comptroller and so he refused to qualify for the seat, which was later filled by a special election.[272][273] | |
1992 | United Kingdom general | Vale of Glamorgan | 0.03923% | 19 | 24,220 | Conservative Party challenger Walter Sweeney defeated Labour Party incumbent John William Patrick Smith, 24,220–24,201. Smith would beat Sweeney in 1997.[274] | |
2008 | Alaska House of Representatives | District 7 | 0.0398% | 4 | 5,024 | Incumbent Republican Mike Kelly defeated Democratic challenger Karl Kassel, 5,024–5,020, following a recount.[275][276][277] | |
1990 | Illinois House of Representatives | 55th district | 0.0406% | 6 | 7,392 | Initially, Rosemary Mulligan and Penny Pullen were certified as having 7,431–7,400 votes and Mulligan was declared the winner. The trial court ordered a recount that then had them tied at 7,387–7,387. The Illinois Compiled Statutes required that ties be resolved by lot.[278] Mulligan won the coin flip and was declared the winner by the trial court. Pullen then appealed, and the Illinois Supreme Court decided that the correct vote count was 7,392–7,386, with Pullen declared the winner. Two years later Mulligan took another swing at the seat, and defeated Pullen in a race so close it also required a recount.[279] | |
2024 | United Kingdom general | Poole | 0.04045% | 18 | 14,168 | Labour's candidate Neil Duncan-Jordan narrowly defeated the Conservative candidate Robert Syms by only 18 votes. The result was declared after 3 recounts.[280] | |
2022 | New Hampshire House of Representatives | Coos 7 District | 0.0407997% | 2 | 2,452 | Democrat Eamon Kelley defeated republican John Greer. [281] | |
1991 | Virginia House of Delegates | District 58 | 0.0408% | 7 | 8,561 | C. Timothy Lindstrom (D) was originally declared the winner, but later it was discovered that election officials in Greene County misread a "9" as a "0" and Peter Way (R) went on to win the election.[282][283] | |
2013 | Virginia General | Virginia Attorney General | 0.0411% | 907 | 1,105,045 | Democratic candidate Mark Herring defeated Republican candidate Mark Obenshain. The initial count was 1,103,777–1,103–612—a 165 or 0.01% margin. The recount was 1,105,045–1,104,138 — a 907 or 0.04% margin. | |
1994 | Massachusetts Governor's Council Democratic Primary | 4th District | 0.0420% | 26 | 30,989 | Christopher A. Iannella, Jr. defeated John J. Kerrigan. Iannella won the general unopposed.[284] | |
2024 | Pennsylvania House of Representatives Republican Primary | District 117 | 0.04226% | 4 | 4,735 | Incumbent Mike Cabell lost to Jamie Walsh.[285] | |
1870 | United States House of Representatives | South Carolina's At-large District (unrecognized) | 0.0425% | 61 | 71,803 | South Carolina was readmitted to Congress in 1868, after passage of the 14th Amendment. That amendment ended the three-fifths rule effectively raising the population of states that once had slavery. As a result, South Carolina and other slave states tried to seat extra members of Congress. South Carolina choose two additional congress members during at-large election. In one of those, Johann Peter Martin Epping defeated Lucius W. Wimbush by 61 votes: 71,803–71,742. But the House refused to seat him and the other at-large winner. "A number of southern states upon readmission claimed that since their slaves were emancipated, they were entitled to larger delegations in the House. Epping's election falls in this category. The claims were rejected by the House."[286][287][288][289] | |
1995 | Queensland Legislative Assembly | Mundingburra | 0.04301% | 16 | 18,600 | General election saw return of Australian Labor Party MP Ken Davies over his Liberal Party rival, Frank Tanti, after distribution of preferences of minor candidates, by just 16 votes. However due to the non-arrival of some overseas military ballots, a Court of Disputed Returns required a fresh election, at which Tanti won. As this seat was the difference between a Labor Party majority and a Liberal Party supported by an Independent MP, the overturning of the result was a rare example of the fate of an entire government resting on a challenge to an ultra-close constituency. | |
2018 | Kentucky House of Representatives | District 27 | 0.04326% | 6 | 6,938 | Incumbent democrat Jeff Greer lost to republican Nancy Tate[290] | |
2014 | Parliament of South Australia | Fisher state by-election | 0.04371% | 9 | 10,299 | By-election caused by the death of sitting independent MP Bob Such. The Australian Labor Party candidate Nat Cook beat the Liberal Party candidate, Heidi Harris, by 9 votes.[291] | |
1974 | Canadian federal | Drummond | 0.0447% | 13 | 14,561 | Liberal Yvon Pinard defeated Social Credit incumbent Jean-Marie Boisvert.[292] | |
1979 | Canadian federal | Halifax | 0.0453% | 15 | 16,570 | Progressive Conservative George Cooper defeated Liberal Brian Flemming.[293] | |
1996 | Japanese general | Chiba 4th | 0.045513% | 105 | 73,792 | LDP’s candidate Shoichi Tanaka defeated NFP’s candidate Yoshihiko Noda by 105 votes (new seat).[294] | |
2006 | Vermont Auditor of Accounts | Vermont Auditor of Accounts | 0.0456% | 102 | 111,770 | The initial count gave the victory to Randy Brock (R) by 137 votes, but after a recount, Thomas M. Salmon (D) was declared the winner by just 102 votes. The final tally gave Salmon 111,770 votes and Republican Brock 111,668.[295] | |
1922 | United Kingdom general | Portsmouth, Central | 0.0457% | 7 | 7,666 | In this four-way race, Conservative Party candidate Frank Privett defeated National Liberal candidate T. Fisher 7,666–7,659.[296] | |
2005 | British Columbia general | Vancouver-Burrard | 0.0458% | 11 | 12,009[297] | On election night, Tim Stevenson of the British Columbia New Democratic Party had the lead over Lorne Mayencourt of the British Columbia Liberal Party, but Mayencourt had a 17-vote lead after a recount. When the absentee ballots were counted later, Maynecourt widened his lead by 1 vote.[298] Following an additional recount ordered by the courts, Maynecourt retained an 11-vote lead and was declared the winner.[299] Stevenson sued, arguing that 71 absentee ballots had improperly certified and thus uncounted and that a new election was needed, but then dropped the suit to run for a seat on the city council.[300] | |
1960 | United States House of Representatives | Indiana's 5th District | 0.0461% | 99 | 107,357 | In the official count after election day, Republican George O. Chambers defeated Democrat J. Edward Roush by 3 votes and by 12 votes after the canvas. He was certified as the winner, but Roush contested the outcome and the Democratically-controlled House first decided that neither should be seated. After a review of the ballots, the House Committee determined that Roush had won the seat by 99 votes and on June 14, 1961 passed a resolution to seat him.[191] | |
2024 | United Kingdom general | Basildon and Billericay | 0.0464% | 20 | 12,905 | Before the election, Richard Holden, who was serving as the Chairman of the Conservative Party parachute to this constincuency but end up winning by mere 20 votes.[301] | |
1965 | Philippine Senate | At-large | 0.0469% | 3,567 | 2,972,525 | The Philippine Senate is elected via multiple non-transferable vote. The 8th placed candidate, Wenceslao Lagumbay of the Nacionalista Party, edged out Cesar Climaco of the Liberal Party to win out the last Senate seat. | |
2022 | New Hampshire House of Representatives | Grafton 18 District | 0.0473% | 4 | 4,229 | Republican [[John Sellers (New Hampshire politician)}John Sellers]] defeated democrat Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban. [302] | |
2018 | Kentucky House of Representatives | District 91 | 0.0474% | 7 | 7,385 | Incumbent republicanToby Herald lost to democrat Cluster Howard[303] | |
1993 | Canadian federal | Edmonton Northwest | 0.0476% | 12 | 12,599 | Liberal candidate Anne McLellan narrowly edged out Reform candidate Richard Kayler.[304] | |
1853 | United States House of Representatives | Georgia's 3rd District | 0.0478% | 5 | 5,232 | Democrat David J. Bailey defeated Whig Robert P. Trippe 5232–5227.[305] | |
1972 | Connecticut House of Representatives 65th district Democratic primary | Connecticut | 0.0481% | 1 | 2,079[306] | Representatives Addo Bonetti and John J. Miscikowski were both moved into the 65th district after legislative redistricting in 1972.[307] Bonetti was initially defeated in the primary by Miscikowski by one vote and a recount maintained Miscikowski's one vote victory.[306][308] However, Judge George Saden invalidated the primary and ordered a new one due to a Republican having mistakenly voted in the primary.[309] Bonetti defeated Miscikowski in the second primary and won in the general election against Republican nominee Edwin R. Chadwick.[310][311] | |
2017 | United Kingdom general | Perth and North Perthshire | 0.0482% | 21 | 21,804 | The incumbent Scottish National Party narrowly defeated Conservative candidate Ian Duncan.[312] | |
1945 | United Kingdom general | Cheshire, Northwich | 0.0486% | 15 | 15,477 | In this three-way race, Conservative Party candidate John Foster defeated Labour Party candidate Prof. Robert Chorley 15,477–15,473.[151] | |
1968 | Canadian federal | Oshawa—Whitby | 0.0493% | 15 | 15,224 | New Democrat Ed Broadbent defeated Progressive Conservative incumbent Michael Starr.[161] | |
2014 | Ukrainian parliamentary | 79th constituency (Vasylivka) | 0.0495% | 17 | 17,197 | An independent representative of Zaporizhia Iron Ore Works Oleksandr Hryhorchuk initially defeated the pro-Party of Regions incumbent Volodymyr Bandurov by 138 votes. Bandurov contested the result and obtained a recount, and won with a margin of 17 votes following the recount. Hryhorchuk contested the recount as irregular.[313] | |
2016 | Connecticut House of Representatives | District 90 | 0.0496% | 7 | 7,055 | Incumbent republican Craig C. Fishbein defeated democratic challenger Jim Jinks.[314] | |
2016 | Vermont House of Representatives | Windsor-Orange 1 District | 0.0498% | 1 | 1,004 | This was the fourth matchup between incumbent Democrat Sarah Buxton and Republican David Ainsworth (their first matchup had also been decided by one vote). The initial tally had Buxton leading by 3 votes: 1,003–1,000.
The first recount had them both tied at 1,000. The second recount then had Ainsworth win by one vote, 1,004–1,003. Buxton did not make any further appeals and this was the final result.[315][316] | |
1940 | Kansas gubernatorial | Governor of Kansas | 0.0505% | 430 | 425,928 | Burke came within 430 votes of beating Gov. Ratner for reelection.[317][318] | |
1854 | United States House of Representatives | Pennsylvania's 5th District | 0.0510% | 8 | 7,842 | Democrat John Cadwalader defeated anti-Nebraska Whig Jones 7,842–7,834. | |
2009 | Party Leader (second ballot) | Action démocratique du Québec | 0.0511% | 2 | 1,957 | After longtime leader Mario Dumont stepped down from the leadership of the party, an election was held. In a very close race, Gilles Taillon defeated his opponent Éric Caire, by just 2 votes.[319] | |
1833 | United States House of Representatives | Indiana's 2nd District | 0.0520% | 2 | 1,921 | In this 6-way race, Whig John Ewing defeated Democrat John W. Davis by 2 votes: 1921–1919.[320][321] | |
2020 | Pennsylvania Senate | District 45 | 0.0521% | 69 | 66,261 | When this race was certified in early December, after numerous court battles, Democrat Jim Brewster had 69 votes more than Republican Nicole Ziccarelli. However a dispute over 311 absentee and mail-in ballots that were signed, but not dated lingered in the courts into January. Though Brewster was certified, Republicans in the state Senate blocked Brewster from taking his oath of office and removed the Democratic lieutenant governor from his role overseeing the proceedings.[322] A week later, after Ziccarelli lost her appeal, she conceded and Brewster was sworn in.[323] | |
2024 | Idaho House of Representatives Republican Primary | District 30 | 0.053% | 4 | 3,764 | Incumbent Julianne Young lost to Ben Fuhriman.[324] | |
1870 | United States House of Representatives | Pennsylvania's 17th District | 0.05324% | 11 | 10,335 | Democratic challenger Milton Speer defeated Republican incumbent Daniel J. Morrell by 11 votes: 10335–10324.[325][326][327] Morrell declined to contest the results, blaming the loss on the "base treachery and debauchery of professed Republicans." | |
1887 | Canadian federal | Montmorency | 0.05328% | 1 | 939 | Liberal Charles Langelier defeated Conservative P. V. Valin.[49] | |
2020 | Michigan House of Representatives Republican Primary | District 18 | 0.05348% | 4 | 2,775 | Michael Babat defeated Christine Timmon[328] | |
2016 | United States House of Representatives Republican Primary | Arizona's 5th District | 0.0535% | 27 | 85,595 | On the night of the Republican Primary for the seat being vacated by Congressman Matt Salmon, State Senator Andy Biggs lead by a total of 16 votes against Republican challenger Christine Jones. After a recount that lead widened to 27 votes, and Jones conceded the election.[329] | |
2022 | Iowa State Senate Republican Primary | District 42 | 0.05353% | 2 | 1,518 | Charlie McClintock beat Colman Silbernagel and Justin Wasson.[330] | |
2000 | United States House of Representatives | Minnesota's 2ndd District | 0.0537% | 155 | 288,900 | Republican Mark Kennedy won against DFL incumbent David Minge 138,957-138,802. [331] | |
1945 | United Kingdom general | Caithness and Sutherland | 0.0539% | 6 | 5,564 | In this very close three-way race where each candidate received 33% of the vote, Unionist Party candidate Eric Gandar Dower defeated Labour Party candidate Robert Ian Aonas MacInnes 5,564–5,558. The incumbent, Liberal Party leader Archibald Sinclair, had 5,503 votes. | |
1974 | United Kingdom general | Peterborough | 0.05407% | 22 | 20,353 | Conservative Party incumbent Sir Harmar Nicholls defeated Labour Party challenger Michael Ward 20,353–20,331. Ward had also lost to Nicholls in 1966 and 1970, but would win in Oct 1974. | |
1983 | United Kingdom general | Hyndburn | 0.05414% | 21 | 19,405 | Conservative Party candidate Ken Hargreaves defeated Labour Party candidate Arthur Davidson 19,405–19,384. This seat was created in 1983.[332] | |
1838 | United States House of Representatives | New Jersey's at-large District | 0.05455% | 31 | 28,426 | For much of its early history, New Jersey chose all of its Congressional delegation in an at-large election, with each voter getting to vote for however many candidates that there were seats and usually each party's slate of candidates would thus have similar numbers of votes. In 1838, New Jersey had six seats and so each voter could vote for six candidates. The voting for the parties was very close and at first it appeared that all 6 Whig candidates had been re-elected and their election was certified by the Whig governor who applied the states "broad seal" to them. The Democrats contested the election on the grounds that the votes of two townships were excluded and that if included would've swung the election and this became known as the "Broad Seal War". The House, which held a 2-seat majority without the NJ delegation, decided to seat one of the Whigs but leave the other 5 seats vacant. After the contest was investigated, and the excluded votes counted, 5 of the 6 Democrats were declared winners. They were seated in July 1840. In the end only 197 votes separated the Democrat's best finisher from the Whig's worst. Charles C. Stratton came in 7th, only 31 votes behind Democrat Joseph Kille a difference of only 0.05455%. John P. B. Maxwell missed out by 40 votes, or 0.0703%. The 6 Democrats averaged 28,429 votes and the Whigs 28,360 for an average advantage of only 69 votes or 0.12%.[333][334] | |
2014 | United States House of Representatives | Tennessee's 4th District | 0.05464% | 38 | 69,548 | Scandal-plagued Republican candidate Scott DesJarlais defeated candidate Jim Tracy.[335] | |
1986 | United States House of Representatives | North Carolina's 6th District | 0.05465% | 79 | 144,579 | Republican candidate Howard Coble defeated Democratic candidate Robin Britt. | |
1964 | United Kingdom general | Ealing North | 0.0561% | 27 | 20,809 | Labour Party challenger William Molloy defeated Conservative Party incumbent John Barter 20,809–20,782.[336] | |
2010 | Vermont House of Representatives | Windsor-Orange 1 District | 0.0567% | 1 | 882 | On the initial tally, challenger Democrat Sarah Buxton and incumbent Republican David Ainsworth had 882-881 votes. On a recount, they were tied, with one mailed-in military vote for Buxton rejected. Buxton appealed and the Superior Court ruled that vote valid, so that Buxton still won by one vote (881–880). Ainsworth then appealed but the House voted along party lines to uphold Buxton's one-vote victory.[125][337][338] Remarkably, their fourth matchup in 2016 would again be decided by one vote, but with the result reversed. | |
2012 | United States presidential | Iowa Republican caucuses | 0.0570% | 34 | 29,839 | Former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum defeated former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney in the statewide Republican caucuses, the closest GOP primary election in United States history.[339] Romney had been declared the winner by 8 votes on caucus night. | |
1930 | Kansas gubernatorial | Governor of Kansas | 0.0576% | 251 | 217,171 | Harry H. Woodring won a three-way race between himself (217,171 votes), Frank Haucke (216,920), and John R. Hinckley (183,278).[340] | |
1903 | Australian House of Representatives | Riverina | 0.0576% | 5 | 4,341 | Robert Blackwood defeated the sitting member John Chanter by five votes. The result was overturned and Chanter won a by-election by 363 votes.[79] | |
2014 | Ukrainian parliamentary | 22nd constituency (Lutsk) | 0.0578% | 28 | 24,245 | Ihor Lapin (People's Front), defeated Iryna Konstankevych, an ally of the incumbent Ihor Palytsia who was a candidate on the Petro Poroshenko Bloc party list instead), 24,245–24,217.[341] | |
1959 | United Kingdom general | Birmingham All Saints | 0.05806% | 20 | 17,235 | Conservative Party challenger John Harold Hollingworth defeated Labour Party incumbent Denis Herbert Howell 17,235–17,215.[342] | |
2011 | Canadian federal | Nipissing—Timiskaming | 0.05812% | 18 | 15,495 | Conservative Jay Aspin defeated Liberal incumbent Anthony Rota.[343] | |
1870 | United States House of Representatives | Pennsylvania's 16th District | 0.0584% | 15 | 12,859 | Democratic challenger Benjamin F. Meyers defeated Republican incumbent John Cessna by 15 votes: 12,859–12,844.[344][345] Cessna contested the election and on January 18, 1872 the House Committee on Elections decided in favor of Meyers.[346][347] In a rematch later that year, Cessna reclaimed his seat. | |
1990 | Massachusetts House of Representatives Democratic Primary | 11th Essex | 0.0599% | 5 | 4,175 | Edward J. Clancy Jr. defeated Thomas M. McGee.[348] | |
1972 | Newfoundland general | Labrador South | 0.06% | 1 | 1,865 | Josiah Harvey of the Liberal Party narrowly held onto his seat against Labrador Party candidate Michael Martin. A rematch was held later that year, in which Martin won the seat.[349] | |
2005 | Japanese general | Kyoto 4th | 0.06012% | 156 | 75,192 | Kyoto 4th district’s incumbent Hideo Tanaka belonged to LDP. However, LDP expelled Tanaka because he opposed the postal privatization bill.[350] LDP nominated Yasuhiro Nakagawa as a candidate. As a result, Nakagawa defeated Tanaka by 156 votes.[351] | |
2020 | Ghanaian general | Sene West | 0.0606% | 16 | 13,116[352] | Incumbent Kwame Twumasi Ampofo of the National Democratic Congress narrowly won reelection against Joseph Kumah Mackey of the New Patriotic Party. The Electoral Commission took longer than expected to declare a winner, in part due to the closeness of the election and in part due to an incident in which a member of the NPP stole a ballot box which had to be inspected.[353] This result led to a hung parliament as a single independent prevented either party from reaching a majority of seats (although the lone independent decided to vote with the NPP).[354] | |
2012 | Ukrainian parliamentary | 184th constituency (Nova Kakhovka) | 0.0607% | 22 | 18,123 | In a first-past-the-post race with 9 candidates, he Party of Regions candidate Mykola Dmytruk defeated an independent Ivan Vynnyk 18,123 (19.99%)–18,101 (19.96%). Vynnyk contested the result, stating that official counts from all polling places make him the winner with a margin of 177 votes and requested a new vote. The Supreme Administrative Court of Ukraine declined, Vynnyk appealed to the European Court of Human Rights.[355] | |
2017 | French legislative (2nd round) | Corrèze's 2nd constituency | 0.06105% | 23 | 18,849 | Frédérique Meunier of The Republicans (LR) narrowly held onto his seat against ex-Socialist senator Patricia Bordas, invested by La République En Marche! (REM).[356] | |
2017 | United Kingdom general | Kensington | 0.06126% | 20 | 16,333 | Labour Emma Dent Coad defeated Conservative Victoria Borwick after 3 recounts over two days. | |
2016 | New Hampshire Senate | District 7 | 0.06128% | 17 | 13,880 | The initial[357] count showed Republican Harold French with a 13-vote lead over Democrat Andrew Hosmer. Following a recount, that widened to 17 votes.[358] | |
1950 | Michigan gubernatorial | Governor of Michigan | 0.0614% | 1,154 | 935,152 | Incumbent Democratic G. Mennen Williams defeated Republican former Governor Harry Kelly.[359] | |
2018 | Idaho Senate | District 15 | 0.0615% | 11 | 8,947 | The initial count showed Incumbent Republican Fred Martin ahead with a 6-vote lead over Democratic challenger Jim Bratnober. Following a recount, that widened to 11 votes.[360] | |
2018 | Washington State Senate | District 42 | 0.06204% | 45 | 36,291 | Republican incumbent Doug Erickson defeated Democrat Pinky Vargas by 45 votes after a recount.[361] | |
2014 | Japanese general | Niigata 2nd | 0.062077% | 102 | 70,589 | LDP’s incumbent Kenichi Hosoda defeated DPJ’s challenger Eiichiro Washio by 102 votes.[362] | |
2010 | Illinois gubernatorial Republican Primary | Governor of Illinois | 0.06209% | 193 | 155,527 | Bill Brady defeated Kirk Dillard.[363][364] | |
1998 | South Dakota House of Representatives | District 12 | 0.06217% | 4 | 3,219 | In this remarkable rematch, four candidates Democrats John R. McIntyre and Robert Litz; and, Republicans Hal Wick and Judy Rost were contesting two seats. On the initial count, they had respectively 3,229 (25.84%), 2,250 (18.00%), 3,229 (25.84%), and 3,790 (30.32%) (12,498 total votes). As in 1996, Rost won the first seat, while McIntyre and Wick tied for the second seat.
But on a recount, McIntyre was found to be ahead by 4 votes, with the final official tally being 3,219 (25.85%), 2,244 (18.02%), 3,215 (25.81%), 3,776 (30.32%) (12,454 total votes). The House then voted 36–33, this time to seat McIntyre.[27][365] | |
1892 | United States presidential | California | 0.06224% | 147 | 269,609 | Former President Grover Cleveland narrowly carried California over Republican President Benjamin Harrison and went on to reclaim the presidency in a rematch of the 1888 presidential elections, thus becoming both the 22nd and 24th president of the United States.[366] | |
1960 | United States presidential | Hawaii | 0.06226% | 115 | 92,410 | Just a year after becoming the fiftieth State, Hawaii surprised many political experts by voting for Democrat John F. Kennedy over Republican Richard Nixon, albeit by a very small margin.[367] | |
1970 | Massachusetts House of Representatives Democratic Primary | 6th Hampden | 0.0625% | 3 | 2,400 | In a 3-way race, James L. Grimaldi topped Anthony M. Scibelli by 3 votes. Grimaldi would win the general, but then lose the 1972 primary to Scibelli. He'd win the seat in 14th Hampden twice and then lose the seat for 10th Hampden to Scibelli. Scibelli would serve from 1972 to 2000.[368] | |
1976 | Massachusetts Senate Democratic Primary | 2nd Essex and Middlesex | 0.06262% | 13 | 10,386 | William X. Wall defeated James M. Shannon on his way to winning the seat.[369] | |
2013 | Australian federal | Division of Fairfax | 0.06264% | 53 | 42,330 | Clive Palmer (Palmer United Party) defeated Ted O'Brien of the Liberal National Party of Queensland following two recounts in a ranked choice voting runoff.[370] | |
2007 | Philippine Senate | At-large | 0.0628% | 18,519 | 11,005,866 | The Philippine Senate is elected via multiple non-transferable vote. The 12th placed candidate, Migz Zubiri of TEAM Unity, edged out Koko Pimentel of GO to win out the last Senate seat.[371] Pimentel later filed an electoral protest. Four years later, after recounts in the Senate Electoral Tribunal showed Pimentel taking the lead, Zubiri resigned;[372] Pimentel was then proclaimed senator-elect, with Pimentel having a 258,166-vote lead over Zubiri.[373] | |
1896 | United States presidential | Kentucky | 0.06352% | 277 | 218,171 | William McKinley was elected president twice by comfortable Electoral College majorities, but his only victory in a Southern state was his razor-thin win over William Jennings Bryan in Kentucky in his initial presidential run, becoming the first Republican ever to win Kentucky.[374] McKinley won Kentucky; however one Elector cast a vote for Bryan. | |
2012 | New Mexico House of Representatives | District 37 | 0.0638% | 8 | 6,267 | Two weeks after the election was over, the vote was still tied and went to a recount, which Republican Terry McMillan won by 8 votes.[375] After another close loss in 2014, Democrat Joanne Ferrary defeated McMillan in 2016.[376] | |
2000 | United States presidential | New Mexico | 0.0639% | 366 | 286,783 | Since Florida's electoral votes decided George W. Bush's electoral college win over Al Gore, little attention was paid to the fact that New Mexico's outcome was even closer (in terms of raw vote) than the Florida result, this time with Gore coming out ahead.[377] | |
1916 | United States presidential | New Hampshire | 0.06400% | 56 | 43,781 | Although the 0.38% victory margin for President Woodrow Wilson in California—which gave Wilson the thirteen electoral votes he needed to win reelection over Republican Charles Evans Hughes—garnered most of the attention, Wilson's surprise 56-vote victory over Hughes in New Hampshire (the only Northeastern state that Hughes did not carry) was the closest contest in the election.[378] | |
1828 | United States House of Representatives | Maine's 5th District | 0.0642% | 3 | 2,495 | In the September 1828 election, Reuel Washburn and James Ripley had 2,495–2,180 votes. But Maine law required that the winner have an absolute majority of the votes, i.e. 2,498 votes and so Washburn was 3 short. A new election was held in December 1828 and Ripley won a majority. There was some further wrangling but eventually Ripley was declared elected.[45] | |
2004 | Ohio Senate Republican Primary | 14th District | 0.06438% | 22 | 17,098 | Jean Schmidt won the first count by 62 votes, but Tom Niehaus prevailed in a recount and went on to win the general election.[258] | |
2016 | New Mexico House of Representatives | 29th District | 0.0645% | 9 | 6,976 | Republican Dave Adkins recaptured his spot in the New Mexico House over challenger Ronnie Martinez. The original count had him ahead by just two votes.[379] But a recount widened that lead to 9.[380] | |
2016 | Philippine House of Representatives | Leyte's 3rd District | 0.06466% | 56 | 43,333 | NUP's Vicente Veloso won an open seat contest against Liberal Tingting Salvacion, daughter of term-limited Andres Salvacion.[381] | |
2018 | Idaho House of Representatives | District 9B | 0.06475% | 6 | 4,636 | Following redistricting republican Incumbent Scott Syme lost to another republican incumbent Judy Boyle.[382] | |
2018 | Iowa House of Representatives | District 55 | 0.06503% | 9 | 6,924 | Republican Incumbent Michael Bergan won the initial vote count over Democrat Kayla Koether by 7 votes and the recount by 9.[383] Koether contested the election, arguing that 29 of 33 disputed absentee ballots were wrongly rejected. The ballots were received on time and the barcode proved they were mailed prior to the election, as required by law, but the barcode used on the disputed ballot differed from the postage stamp or “intelligent mail barcode" called for by the Iowa Code and administrative rules. After a district judge declined to decide if the ballots should be counted, Koether petitioned the Iowa House to settle the matter. On party-line votes in both the committee (3-2) and the Iowa House (53-42), legislators decided that the Iowa House did not have the legal authority to open and count the ballots.[384] | |
1961 | Zanzibar general | Chake Chake | 0.06502% | 1 | 1,538 | Khamis Masoud Khamis of the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP) defeated Ahmad Abdulrahman Idarus of the Zanzibar Nationalist Party (ZNP) by one vote in Chake Chake,[385] giving the ASP a 10–9 lead in what the Guinness Book of Records listed as the closest ever general election.[386][387] Three other MPs split, leaving the 22-member assembly deadlocked between two 11-member blocs.[386] Dissatisfaction with the electoral system precipitated the 1964 Zanzibar Revolution.[386] | |
2018 | Minnesota House of Representatives | District 5A | 0.06510% | 11 | 8,454 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor party candidate John Persell beat incumbent Republican Representative Matt Bliss by 11 votes after a recount that extended his margin by 3 votes.[388] | |
1988 | Iowa House of Representatives Democratic Primary | District 67 | 0.06515% | 1 | 768 | Bob Hellyer won the Democratic primary for Iowa House District 67 by one vote. Hellyer received 768 and James Martley received 767.[389][390] | |
2006 | Italian general | Chamber of Deputies | 0.06518% | 24,755 | 19,002,598 | The centre-left coalition The Union led by Romano Prodi defeated the centre-right House of Freedoms of incumbent Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi.[391] Thus winning the majority bonus. | |
1971 | Virginia House of Delegates | District 23 | 0.0677% | 27 | 19,958 | Herbert N. Morgan (R) narrowly defeated H. Richard Chew (D)[392] | |
2008 | Canadian federal | Vancouver South | 0.06833% | 22 | 16,110[393] | Liberal Ujjal Dosanjh defeated Conservative Wai Young after two recounts.[394] | |
1832 | United States House of Representatives | New York's 18th District | 0.06834% | 6 | 4,393 | Democrat Daniel Wardwell defeated Anti-Masonic candidate Daniel Lee by 6 votes: 4,393–4,387.[395][396] | |
2004 | North Carolina general | North Carolina Commissioner of Agriculture | 0.06868% | 2,287 | 1,666,197 | Republican Steve Troxler defeated Democrat Britt Cobb.[397] A failure by poll workers to change the memory card in a voting machine used for early voting in Carteret County led to the loss of 4,000 votes. The State Board of Elections voted 3-2 in favor of calling a new statewide election for the seat over calling a new election in Carteret County alone; 4 votes would have been required to take action on either option. In early December, the North Carolina Board of Elections ordered a new election for January 11, 2005, in Carteret County alone, for voters whose ballots had been lost or who had not voted in the November 2 election. Both candidates appealed the decision, Cobb arguing that a statewide revote should be held, Troxler arguing that a revote should be limited to those voters whose votes were lost. A Wake County superior court judge overturned this decision on December 17, calling it "arbitrary and capricious" and "contrary to law," requiring the State Board of Elections to revisit the issue. On December 29, the State Board of Elections ordered a new statewide election for the post. On January 13, 2005, the superior court invalidated this order as well, and sent the contest back to the Elections Board for resolution. Following this ruling, Cobb chose to concede defeat rather than continue a court battle with no clear way to resolve the issue. On February 4, the State Board of Elections officially certified Troxler as the winner of the 2004 election. | |
1992 | Japanese House of Councillors | Okinawa at-large | 0.069595% | 341 | 245,159 | OSMP’s challenger Soko Shimabuku defeated LDP’s incumbent Shinjun Oshiro by 341 votes.[398] | |
1930 | United States House of Representatives | Missouri's 3rd District | 0.0704% | 46 | 32,669 | According to the returns as originally certified, incumbent Jacob L. Milligan and challenger H. F. Lawrence had 32,665–32,626 votes. The recount of this precinct gave Milligan a clear majority of 46 votes, with the vote being 32,669–32,623.[399][400] | |
2022 | United States Pennsylvania Senate Republican primary | Pennsylvania | 0.0704% | 950 | 1,346,091 | Television presenter Mehmet Oz narrowly beat David McCormick, Carla Sands, and Kathy Barnette in a heavily contested multi-way primary after a recount. [401][402] | |
1952 | United States presidential | Kentucky | 0.07065% | 700 | 495,729 | Dwight Eisenhower was elected president in a landslide, but lost Kentucky by the smallest margin of any state Presidential battle for thirty-six years, giving a sixth straight Democratic win in the Bluegrass State.[403] | |
1974 | United Kingdom general | East Dunbartonshire | 0.071% | 22 | 15,551 | In a three-way race, SNP challenger Margaret Bain defeated Conservative Party incumbent Barry Henderson 15,551–15,529. (Labour Party Edward McGarry candidate had 15,122 votes.) Henderson had defeated both Bain and McGarry earlier in the Feb 1974 election.[404] | |
2021 | Japanese general | Niigata 6th | 0.071062% | 130 | 90,679 | CDP’s challenger Mamoru Umetani defeated LDP’s incumbent Shuichi Takatori by 130 votes.[405] | |
2002 | Massachusetts House of Representatives | 18th Worcester | 0.0714% | 4 | 2,803 | Jennifer Callahan defeated Robert Dubois by 4 votes and then went on to win the seat. She lost re-election in 2010 and DuBois won nomination for the seat in 2012. He lose in the general.[406][407] | |
2014 | Massachusetts House of Representatives | 1st Essex | 0.0717% | 10 | 6,978 | James M. Kelcourse (R) defeated Edward C. Cameron (D).[408] | |
2021 | Japanese general | Saga 1st | 0.071981% | 133 | 92,452 | CDP’s incumbent Kazuhiro Haraguchi defeated LDP’s challenger Kazuchika Iwata by 133 votes.[409] | |
2020 | Northern Territory general election | Electoral division of Barkly | 0.0727% | 5 | 3,441 | The sitting member, Gerry McCarthy, resigned and while the Labor candidate was ahead on the night, Country Liberal candidate Steve Edgington pulled ahead by 5 votes on postal votes making it the first time since 1990 that Labor had not held the seat.[410] | |
1959 | Singaporean general | River Valley | 0.07294% | 5 | 3,430 | People's Action Party candidate Lim Cheng Lock defeated Soh Ghee Soon of the Singapore People's Alliance.[411] | |
2014 | United States House of Representatives | Arizona's 2nd district | 0.07343% | 161 | 109,704 | Martha McSally defeated Ron Barber, officially announced a month after the election, after a legally-mandated recount.[412] McSally had lost to Barber in 2012 by 2,454 votes. | |
1919 | Maryland gubernatorial | Governor of Maryland | 0.0735% | 165 | 112,240 | After several days of vote counting, Albert Ritchie was declared the winner over Harry Nice, 112,240 votes to 112,075.[413] Ritchie would serve four terms as Governor, but would be defeated in 1934 by Nice, who won by 6,149.[414] | |
1870 | United States House of Representatives | Kentucky's 8th District | 0.0737% | 18 | 12,226 | Democrat incumbent George M. Adams defeated Republican challenger Hugh F. Finley by 18 votes: 12,226–12,208.[415][86] | |
2016 | Pennsylvania House of Representatives | District 31 | 0.07381% | 28 | 18,982 | Democrat Perry Warren defeated Republican Ryan Gallagher for District 31 of the PA House of Representatives.[416] | |
2002 | United States House of Representatives | Colorado's 7th district | 0.07403% | 121 | 81,789 | In the first race in this newly created Congressional district, Republican Bob Beauprez narrowly beat out Democrat Mike Feeley.[417] | |
1940 | Canadian federal | Cumberland | 0.07438% | 12 | 8,073 | Liberal Percy Chapman Black defeated National Government incumbent Kenneth Judson Cochrane.[418] | |
1923 | United Kingdom general | Huddersfield | 0.0746% | 26 | 17,430 | Labour Party candidate James Hudson defeated Liberal Party candidate Arthur Marshall 17,430–17,404. (In this three-way race, Conservative Party C. Tinker won 12,694 votes.)[419] In the previous year's General Election (1922), Marshall had narrowly beaten Hudson by a 0.5% margin. | |
1988 | Canadian federal | Northumberland, Ontario | 0.07533% | 28 | 18,600 | Liberal candidate Christine Stewart narrowly edged out Progressive Conservative Reg Jewell.[182] | |
2018 | Florida general | Commissioner of Agriculture | 0.07535% | 6,753 | 4,032,954 | After a recount, Democrat Nikki Fried defeated Republican Matt Caldwell.[420] | |
1987 | Virginia Senate | District 39 | 0.0755% | 35 | 21,217 | William C. Wampler Jr. (R) defeated John S. Bundy (D) by 32 votes and a December 15, 1987 recount widened the margin by 3 more votes.[234][421] | |
2006 | Canadian federal | Parry Sound-Muskoka | 0.0756% | 28 | 18,513 | Conservative candidate Tony Clement narrowly edged out Liberal MP Andy Mitchell.[422] | |
1916 | Arizona gubernatorial | Governor of Arizona | 0.0766% | 43 | 28,094 | The initial count had Thomas Campbell up by 30 votes. George Hunt, the incumbent, contested; but before that could be settled his term expired. The courts then allowed Campbell to take office as de facto Governor in January 1917. After losing a case in the county court and winning at the state Supreme Court, Hunt became governor in December 1917, with the courts deciding he'd won by 43 votes.[423] Had the initial count stood this race would have been even closer, with the margin just 0.0536%. | |
2010 | Vermont House of Representatives | Rutland 5-4 District | 0.0770% | 1 | 650 | After the initial count had Gale Courcelle up by 1, a recount took one vote away from Doug Gage (R). Subsequent action awarded it back.[424] | |
1974 | United States Senate | North Dakota | 0.0771% | 177 | 114,852 | Five-term Republican U.S. Senator Milton Young defeated former Democratic Governor William Guy by 177 votes out of 237,000 cast.[425][426] | |
1990 | Massachusetts House of Representatives | 7th Worcester | 0.0780% | 13 | 8,341 | Democrat Paul Kollios defeated Independent Alan M. Tuttle.[427] | |
2022 | New Hampshire House of Representatives | Hillsborough 45 District | 0.0783% | 7 | 4,474 | Democrat Karen Calabro defeated republican Colton Skorupan. [428] | |
1981 | New Jersey gubernatorial | Governor of New Jersey | 0.0784% | 1,797 | 1,145,999 | The results of the initial ballot counting was close with Kean leading Florio by 1,677 votes. A recount took place over the next month and Kean was certified the winner besting Florio by 1,797 votes out of over 2.3 million votes cast. | |
1922 | United Kingdom general | South Shields | 0.0794% | 25 | 15,760 | In this three-way race, Liberal Party candidate Edward Harney defeated Labour Party William Lawther 15,760–15,735.[429] | |
2013 | New Jersey General Assembly | District 2 | 0.07954% | 40 | 25,164 | Democrat Vince Mazzeo defeated incumbent Republican John F. Amodeo after a recount.[430] | |
1922 | United Kingdom general | Derbyshire, North-Eastern | 0.0802% | 15 | 9,359 | In this three-way race, Labour Party candidate Frank Lee defeated Liberal Party candidate Joseph Stanley Holmes 9,359–9,344.[431] | |
1922 | United States Senate | Delaware | 0.0812% | 60 | 36,954 | Democratic attorney Thomas Bayard defeated appointed U.S. Senator T. Coleman DuPont by 60 votes out of 74K+ votes cast in a special election. Bayard simultaneously defeated DuPont by 0.43 points in the election to the seat for the unexpired six-year term.[426] | |
2015 | Santa Fe gubernatorial | Governor of Santa Fe | 0.0813% | 1,496 | 584,017 | Miguel Lifschitz (584,017 votes) defeated Miguel del Sel (582,521 votes) and Omar Perotti (558,571 votes). | |
1990 | New Hampshire House of Representatives | Hillsborough 40 District | 0.0818% | 4 | 2,448 | Robert Murphy (D) defeated Kathleen Souza (R) by 4 votes.[432] | |
2018 | Illinois House of Representatives | 54th District | 0.0823% | 37 | 22,484 | Tom Morrison (R) defeated Maggie Trevor (D) by 37 votes.[433] | |
2012 | Japanese general | Saitama 6th | 0.08266% | 198 | 90,871 | LDP’s challenger Kazuyuki Nakane defeated DPJ’s incumbent Atsushi Oshima by 198 votes.[434] | |
1916 | United States House of Representatives | Michigan's 2nd District | 0.0868% | 46 | 26,530 | The initial count for this House seat gave the win to Republican Mark R. Bacon by a margin of 49 votes. However his opponent, Democrat Samuel Beakes, discovered that canvassers had failed to include more than 70 ballots and those ballots were then counted which gave Beakes the lead by 46 votes. Bacon argued that the ballot boxes were not safely preserved and so any new ballots should be considered void. The local and state election boards felt unable to rule and the State Supreme Court was unwilling to call for a recount, so Beakes contested the election in the House where Bacon had been seated. The Democratically-controlled House, which had a 3 seat majority at the time, ruled that the new ballots should be counted and they replaced Bacon with Beakes.[253] | |
1922 | United Kingdom general | Salford, North | 0.0836% | 19 | 11,368 | In this three-way race, Labour Party incumbent Ben Tillett defeated Conservative Party challenger Samuel Finburgh 11,368–11,349. Tillett face Finbburgh again in the 1923 and 1924 General Elections, winning in 1923 but losing in 1924.[435] | |
1984 | United States House of Representatives | Idaho's 2nd District | 0.08399% | 170 | 7,637 | The first count showed that Richard H. Stallings had defeated the incumbent Republican George V. Hansen by 133 votes. A partial recount upped that margin to 170. Hansen, who in the spring prior to the election had been convicted of filing false financial disclosure statements, contested the election arguing that illegally registered voters were allowed to vote and that he was denied a full recount. A review by the Idaho Attorney General determined that no unqualified persons voted and that the partial recount did not show enough material differences for a full recount to change the outcome, so the House dismissed his contest.[191] | |
1972 | Canadian federal | Selkirk | 0.08400% | 30 | 17,872 | New Democrat incumbent Doug Rowland defeated Progressive Conservative Dean Whiteway.[146] | |
1966 | Massachusetts House of Representatives | 2nd Bristol | 0.08436% | 28 | 16,609 | Democrat Edward P. Coury defeated fellow Democrat Ronald Anthony Pina.[436] | |
1924 | United States Senate | Iowa | 0.08439% | 755 | 447,706 | Smith Brookhart won the election by 755 votes and was initially seated in the Senate without incident. After Brookhart was seated, Steck contested the election results. The investigation and recount took longer than a year, but on April 12, 1926 by a vote of 45–41, the Senate overturned the election results and gave the seat to Steck. This was the first time the Senate voted to overturn an election after the winner was seated.[426][437][438] The recount was contentious with claims of fraud and destroyed ballots, and with the special subcommittee inspecting each discarded ballot to determine voter intent. In the end the fact that Democrats wanted Steck elected and Republicans wanted to punish Brookhart for failing to support Coolidge, partisan politics likely did him in.[439] | |
1974 | Massachusetts House of Representatives Democratic Primary | 41st Middlesex | 0.08443% | 3 | 1,778 | Frank A. Antonelli topped Joseph Whelan by 3 votes and then lost the general election. He would win the nomination two more times and seek it two more than that, but never win the seat.[440] | |
1978 | United States House of Representatives | South Dakota's 1st District | 0.08512% | 110 | 64,683 | Democrat Tom Daschle looked to have lost on election night, but an official canvas gave him a 6 vote margin.[441] The final tally gave him a 14 vote lead and a recount increased that to 105. Daschle was seated and his opponent Leo Thorsness appealed the recount in state court. A review of 1,084 contested ballots increased Daschle's lead to 110 votes, though a final count of the vote was not reported. Thorsness then contested the election in the House, but the case was dismissed as the House was satisfied with the count of the Iowa court and found no grounds to change the results.[191] | |
2015 | United Kingdom general | Gower | 0.08518% | 27 | 15,862 | Labour candidate Liz Evans was defeated by the Conservative Byron Davies by 27 votes, less than 0.1% of votes cast, which made it the most marginal Conservative seat going into the next election. Davies' victory brought 105 consecutive years of Labour representation to an end, but Labour won the seat back in the 2017 general election with a majority of 3,269. | |
1858 | United States House of Representatives | New York's 9th District | 0.0852% | 13 | 7,637 | Anti-Administration Democrat John B. Haskin defeated Democrat Gouverneur Kemble, 7,637–7,624. A third candidate Edward A. Andrews won 545 votes.[442][443] | |
1998 | Massachusetts House of Representatives | 1st Plymouth | 0.0858% | 11 | 6,417 | Republican Vinny M. deMacedo defeated Democrat Joseph R. Gallitano.[444] | |
2018 | Pakistani general | Kasur-IV | 0.0860% | 249 | 124,644 | Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's Talib Hassan Nakai defeated Pakistan Muslim League-N's Rana Muhammad Hayat 124,644-124,395.[445] | |
1977 | Vermont House of Representatives | Windham-4 District | 0.087% | 1 | 572 | On election night, Democrat Robert Emond was declared the victor over incumbent Republican Sydney Nixon by one vote. Nixon then petitioned for a recount in Windham Superior Court under the provisions of 17 V.S.A. § 1361. The recount committee in that court found Nixon to be the winner by one vote and the court gave him a certificate of election.
However, a House committee did its own recount and found Emond to be the winner by one vote (572–571 according to one site[446]). Rather than force the full House to vote on the recount report, Nixon simply resigned, thereby giving Emond the win.[125][447][448][449][450] (Note that the year of this contested election is incorrectly given by many sites as 1997.) | |
2023 | Japanese House of Councillors by-election | Ōita at-large | 0.087011% | 341 | 196,122 | LDP’s candidate Aki Shirasaka defeated CDP’s candidate Tadatomo Yoshida by 341 votes.[451] | |
2018 | Missouri House of Representatives Republican Primary | 102 | 0.0877% | 4 | 2,282 | Ron Hicks defeated Bryan Cooper.[452] | |
2022 | Iowa House of Representatives | 20 | 0.088% | 6 | 3,403 | Democrat Joshua Turek defeated republican Sarag Abdouch.[453] | |
2000 | Canadian federal | Laval Centre | 0.08851% | 42 | 23,746 | Bloc Québécois MP Madeleine Dalphond-Guiral narrowly edged out Liberal Pierre Lafleur.[259] | |
2012 | French legislative | Eure second constituency | 0.08928% | 39 | 21,860 | Socialist Jean-Louis Destans defeated incumbent Jean-Pierre Nicolas[454] | |
1846 | United States House of Representatives | New Jersey's 3rd District | 0.0895% | 16 | 8,942 | John Runk and Isaac G. Farlee 8,942–8,926 votes.[455] There was a dispute over whether some 36 Princeton students' votes were legal due to residency. The majority of the committee investigating the contest chose to consider them as residents and the minority that they were not, which they estimated would have given Farlee the win by 3 votes. The full House voted that Farlee was ineligible and then voted on a resolution to remove Runk too and declare the seat vacant. The vote on Runk was a tie, broken by the Speaker in Runk's favor.[456] | |
1880 | United States presidential | California | 0.08960% | 144 | 80,426 | Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock took advantage of the opposition to Chinese immigration for the first Democratic win in California since 1856, but narrowly lost the electoral vote and the popular vote to Garfield.[457] The US presidential election is not decided by popular vote, but Garfield won the national popular vote by only 1,898 votes or 0.0213%.[a] | |
1908 | United States presidential | Missouri | 0.09066% | 629 | 347,203 | William Howard Taft wins a comfortable first term but takes Missouri by fewer than a thousand votes.[465] | |
1932 | United States House of Representatives | Connecticut's 5th District | 0.0926% | 78 | 42,132 | Republican Edward W. Goss defeated his challenger Martin Gormley by 78 votes. Gormley challenged the election in the House of Representatives arguing that "fraud, irregularities, corruption, and deceit" at a voting booth in Waterbury had cost him the votes to win. The House investigation showed confusion at the polling place, but no recorded complaints and inadequate evidence to overturn the election.[191] | |
2000 | United States Senate | Washington | 0.09301% | 2,229 | 1,199,437[466] | Democrat Maria Cantwell unseated Republican Slade Gorton following a mandatory recount.[467] | |
1961 | Virginia House of Delegates | District 66 | 0.09323% | 5 | 2,684 | James B. Fugate (D) defeated Dr. Conley E. Greear (R). The initial count showed the two tied. But two recounts put Fugate up by 5.[468][469] | |
2018 | Italian Senate | Ancona | 0.09328% | 264 | 93,601 | M5S candidate Mauro Coltorti defeated CDX candidate Giuliano Pazzaglini. | |
1860 | United States presidential | Virginia | 0.09347% | 156 | 74,481 | In a four-way race, Constitutional Union candidate John Bell defeated Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, 74,481–74,325, with a further 18,085 votes split between Democrat Stephen A. Douglas and Republican Abraham Lincoln. However, Lincoln won the Electoral College.[470] | |
1874 | Canadian federal | Leeds South | 0.09372% | 3 | 1,602 | Conservative David Ford Jones beat challenger W. H. Fredenburgh.[471] | |
1835 | United States House of Representatives | North Carolina's 12th District | 0.0938% | 7 | 3,733 | Anti-Jacksonian James Graham defeated National Republican David Newland by 7 votes. Newland contested the race and a review of ballots by the House gave the election to Newland by 12 votes, but the House ignored the committee's recommendation to replace Graham with Newland and voted 100-99 to instead vacate the seat.[45][472] A special election was held in the summer of 1836 which Graham won easily. | |
1976 | United States House of Representatives | Illinois's 10th District | 0.0941% | 201 | 106,804 | Democrat Abner V. Mikva was declared the winner by 201 votes. Following a discovery recount and the failure to get a judicial recount, Republican Samuel H. Young contested the election arguing that there were election irregularities or errors. The Committee on House Administration decided that there Young had failed to provide sufficient evidence to support his claims and awarded the seat to Mikva. The election was a rematch of the 1974 race, and in that race Young had also contested the election to the House claiming fraud and violations of the law and that case was also dismissed for lack of evidence.[191] | |
1848 | United States House of Representatives | Ohio's 10th District | 0.0947% | 16 | 8,454 | Democrat Charles Sweetzer defeated Whig Daniel Duncan 8,454–8,438.[473] | |
1962 | Canadian federal | St. John's West | 0.09495% | 24 | 12,650 | Liberal Richard Cashin defeated Progressive Conservative incumbent William Joseph Browne.[474] | |
1857 | United States House of Representatives | Connecticut's 4th District | 0.0953% | 16 | 8,403 | Democrat William D. Bishop defeated a Republican named Orris S. Ferry 8403–8387.[475] | |
1923 | United Kingdom general | Hertfordshire, Hemel Hempstead | 0.0956% | 17 | 8,892 | Liberal Party challenger John Freeman Dunn defeated Conservative Party incumbent J C C Davidson 8,892–8,875. Dunn would regain the seat in 1924.[476] | |
1956 | United States House of Representatives | Maine's 1st District | 0.0957% | 111 | 58,024 | In the initial count Republican Robert Hale won the race by 29 votes. A recount was held in which more than 4,000 ballots were disputed. Hale sued for a certificate, which the Governor first refused and then issued after asking the Supreme Court of Maine for decisions on matters of law. James Oliver, his opponent, then contested the election in the House. After a review of the disputed ballots, the House Committee ruled that Hale had won by a vote of 58,024-57,913.[477] | |
1922 | United Kingdom general | Nottingham, Central | 0.0959% | 22 | 11,481 | Liberal Party candidate Reginald Berkeley defeated Conservative Party incumbent Albert Atkey 11,481–11,459. Berkeley was later and briefly a Hollywood screenwriter.[478] | |
1998 | United States Senate | Nevada | 0.0961% | 401 | 208,621 | Democratic incumbent Harry Reid defeated Republican John Ensign who did not contest the results.[479] | |
1986 | Vermont House of Representatives | Chittenden 7-4 District | 0.09625% | 1 | 520 | Ben Truman (D) defeated Terry Bouricius (I) by 1 vote.[480] Bouricius won the 1990 rematch by 54 votes. | |
2000 | Montana Democratic Primary | Montana Superintendent of Public Instruction | 0.09650% | 61 | 31,634 | In this 3-way race, the initial tally for Linda McCulloch, Gail Gray, and Mike Schwinden was 31,572–31,508–28,739. Gray requested a recount and McCulloch still won by 61 votes: 31,634–31,573–28,765 votes.[481] McCulloch would also go on to win the general election.[482] | |
1839 | United States House of Representatives | Virginia's 15th District | 0.09652% | 4 | 2,074 | Democrat William Lucas defeated Whig Richard Barton 2,074–2,070.[483][484] | |
1984 | Canadian federal | Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke | 0.09752% | 38 | 19,502 | Liberal MP Len Hopkins narrowly edged out Progressive Conservative Don Whillans.[485] | |
2020 | United States House of Representatives | California's 25th District | 0.0982% | 333 | 169,638 | Republican Mike Garcia defeated Democrat Christy Smith by 333 votes. On election day, Smith appeared to be up by 1,287 votes but by the next day she was down by 157 votes. Further vote drops extended Garcia's lead and at the end of the month, Smith conceded.[486] | |
2002 | Massachusetts House of Representatives | 3rd Barnstable | 0.0983% | 17 | 8,655 | Democrat Matthew C. Patrick defeated Republican Larry F. Wheatley.[487] | |
1884 | United States presidential | New York | 0.09844% | 1,149 | 563,154 | Democrat Grover Cleveland won his home state by less than 1,200 votes to earn New York's 36 electoral votes and clinch an Electoral College victory of 219-182. A swing of less than 0.1% would have made Republican James G. Blaine president with an Electoral College tally of 218-183.[488] | |
1878 | Canadian federal | Jacques Cartier | 0.09911% | 2 | 1,010 | Conservative Désiré Girouard defeated Liberal incumbent Rodolphe Laflamme.[489] | |
1852 | United States House of Representatives | New York's 26th District | 0.09956% | 17 | 8,546 | Democrat Andrew Oliver defeated the Whig candidate, James H. Woods, 8,546–8,529.[490] | |
2017 | French legislative (2nd round) | Loire's 1st constituency | 0.09972% | 23 | 11,544[491] | Régis Juanico of the Socialist Party (PS), a supporter of Benoît Hamon, held onto his seat narrowly against Magalie Viallon, candidate of La République En Marche! (REM).[356] |
List of close election results between parties passing the threshold in party-list proportional races
[edit]Year | Country / Region |
Election | Legislature | District/Race | Margin (%) |
Margin (votes) |
Total votes cast for higher-placed party |
Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1992 | Czech legislative | Czech National Council | Statewide results | 0.05% | 3,321 | 387,026 | Statewide, the far-right Rally for the Republic – Republican Party of Czechoslovakia (SPR–RSČ, sixth place), and center-right Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) were only 0.05% apart while Movement for Autonomous Democracy–Party for Moravia and Silesia (HSD–SMS) was only 0.06% behind ODA.[492] | |
0.06% | 3,617 | 383,705 | ||||||
1996 | Czech legislative | Chamber of Deputies | National results | 0.07% | 4,277 | 489,349 | Nationally, the centrist Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party and the far-right Rally for the Republic – Republican Party of Czechoslovakia were only 0.07% apart. | |
1999 | Austria legislative | National Council | National results | 0.0167% | 415 | 1,244,087 | Nationally, the far-right Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ, second place) and the center-right Austrian People's Party (ÖVP, third place) were only 415 votes apart. They won 52 seats each in the 183-seat national council. This is significant as the two parties had enough seats to form a majority coalition government on their own. The traditional rule is that the Chancellor comes from the largest party in the coalition, but since the FPÖ and ÖVP each had an equal number of seats, the ranking between them had to be decided based on the popular vote – which would mean a Chancellor from the far-right, which drew domestic and international controversy.[493] Eventually, an FPÖ-ÖVP coalition government was formed, but under an ÖVP Chancellor. | |
2004 | European Parliament | European Parliament | Cyprus | 0.0111% | 37 | 36,112 | Due to the traditional size of the parties, all European elections ended up with the seat ratio 2-2-1-1. In this election, For Europe managed to win the last seat instead of EDEK with just 37 votes. | |
2017 | Argentina legislative | Chamber of Deputies | La Pampa | 0.0395% | 76 | 96,121 | The first-placed Justicialist Party won 96,121 votes to second-placed Cambiemos' 96,045. The Justicialist Party won 2 Deputies and Cambiemos 1 Deputy. |
List of parties close to the threshold in proportional races
[edit]Year | Country / Region |
Election | Legislature | District/Race | Party | Votes (%) |
Votes (#) |
Electoral threshold in percentage |
Electoral threshold in votes |
Margin (%) |
Margin (votes) |
Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | Slovak parliamentary | National Council | National results | Slovak National Party | 5.08% | 128,908 | 5% | 126,470 | 0.08% | 2,438 | SNS narrowly crosses 5% threshold.[494] | |
1990 | North Rhine-Westphalia state | Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia | Statewide results | The Greens | 5.05% | 469,098 | 5% | 464,599 | 0.05% | 4,499 | Grüne narrowly passed the threshold by 0.05% | |
2019 | Brandenburg state parliament | Landtag of Brandenburg | Statewide results | Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters | 5.05% | 63,851 | 5% | 63,256 | 0.05% | 595 | BVB/FW narrowly crosses threshold. | |
2006 | Hungarian parliamentary | Országgyűlés | National results | Hungarian Democratic Forum | 5.04% | 272,831 | 5% | 270,403 | 0.04% | 2,428 | MDF narrowly crossed the threshold. | |
2016 | Serbian parliamentary | National Assembly | National results | Dveri–Democratic Party of Serbia | 5.04% | 190,530 | 5% | 188,947 | 0.04% | 1,583 | Dveri–DSS narrowly crossed the threshold. | |
2024 | European Parliament | European Parliament | Greece | Voice of Reason | 3.04% | 120,753 | 3% | 119,283 | 0.04% | 1,470 | FL narrowly crossed the threshold. | |
1988 | Danish general | Folketing | National results | Christian People's Party | 2.04% | 68,047 | 2% | 66,583 | 0.04% | 1,464 | KF narrowly crossed the threshold. | |
2014 | European Parliament | European Parliament | Hungary | Politics Can Be Different | 5.04% | 116,904 | 5% | 115,975 | 0.04% | 929 | LMP wins one MEP. | |
2008 | Lithuanian parliamentary | Seimas | National results | Liberal and Centre Union | 5.04% | 66,078 | 5% | 65,499 | 0.04% | 579 | LiCS crosses the threshold by less than 600 votes.[495] | |
2012 | Saarland state parliament | Landtag of Saarland | Statewide results | Alliance 90/The Greens | 5.04% | 24,252 | 5% | 24,065 | 0.04% | 187 | Greens narrowly crossed the threshold. | |
2014 | European Parliament | European Parliament | Italy | The Other Europe | 5.03% | 1,108,457 | 4% | 1,097,957 | 0.03% | 10,500 | It was the only time as of 2019, that a left-wing coalition was able to win a MEP since the introduction of the 4% threshold. | |
1992 | Romanian general | Chamber of Deputies | National results | Socialist Party of Labour | 3.03% | 328,283 | 3% | 324,766 | 0.03% | 3,517 | With the PSM, the "Red Quadrilateral gained a majority of 5 seats in the Chamber. | |
2023 | Hessian state | Landtag of Hesse | Statewide results | Free Democratic Party | 5.03% | 141,608 | 5% | 140,628 | 0.03% | 980 | FDP narrowly passed the threshold by 0.03%.[496] | |
2013 | Hessian state | Landtag of Hesse | Statewide results | Free Democratic Party | 5.03% | 157,451 | 5% | 156,540 | 0.03% | 911 | FDP narrowly passed the threshold by 0.03% | |
2016 | Serbian parliamentary | National Assembly | National results | Alliance for a Better Serbia | 5.02% | 189,564 | 5% | 188,947 | 0.02% | 617 | CZBS narrowly crossed the threshold. | |
2024 | Lithuanian parliamentary | Seimas | National results | Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union | 7.02% | 87,182 | 7% | 86,893 | 0.02% | 289 | LVŽS narrowly crosses threshold for coalitions.[497] | |
2023 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia regional | Regional Council of Friuli-Venezia Giulia | Statewide results | Slovene Union | 1.02% | 4,016 | 1% | 3,950 | 0.02% | 66 | SSk narrowly crosses threshold for linguistic minorities.[498] | |
2016 | Georgian parliamentary | Parliament | National results | Alliance of Patriots of Georgia | 5.01% | 88,097 | 5% | 87,982 | 0.01% | 116 | APG narrowly crossed the threshold. | |
2019 | Thuringia state parliament | Landtag of Thuringia | Statewide results | Free Democratic Party | 5.01% | 55,493 | 5% | 55,420 | 0.01% | 73 | FDP narrowly crosses threshold, later forms 28-day government.[499] | |
2023 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia regional | Regional Council of Friuli-Venezia Giulia | Statewide results | Open – Left FVG | 1.51% | 5,957 | 1.5% | 5,925 | 0.01% | 32 | OPEN narrowly crosses threshold for parties inside of coalitions.[498] | |
1968 | Danish general | Folketing | National results | Left Socialists | 2.003% | 57,184 | 2% | 57,093 | 0.003% | 91 | Left Socialists narrowly crossed the threshold in their first election. | |
2020 | Georgian parliamentary | Parliament | National results | Georgian Labour Party | 1.003% | 19,314 | 1% | 19,244 | 0.003% | 70 | Georgian Labour Party narrowly crosses threshold but withdrew from parliament later. | |
2018 | Bosnian general | House of Representatives | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Party of Democratic Activity | 3.001% | 29,726 | 3% | 29,676 | 0.001% | 50 | The Party of Democratic Activity (A-SDA) had already won enough votes for a direct seat in their district, however if they had not done so, they would have been awarded a compensational seat and still be represented in the House of Representatives.[500] | |
2020 | Vysočina regional | Regional Council of Vysočina | Regional results | Pro TOP Vysočinu | 4.99978% | 7,972 | 5% | 7,973 | -0.00022% | -1 | Coalition of TOP 09, KAN and Koruna Česká narrowly missed 5% threshold by a single vote.[501] | |
1959 | Dutch general | Second Chamber | National results | Reformed Political League | 0.6624% | 39,972 | 0.6667% | 39,998 | -0.00043% | -26 | The party initially had enough votes to get into the Tweede Kamer and the leader of the party, L.P. Laning, met with the Dutch Queen Juliana to discuss forming the government a day after the election. However, the party was ultimately 26 votes short, and its seat awarded to the PvdA.[502] | |
2019 | European Parliament | European Parliament | Greece | MeRA25 | 2.999% | 169,635 | 3% | 169,684 | -0.001% | -49 | MeRA25 narrowly missed the threshold making their European party DiEM25 unrepresented in the European Parliament. | |
2024 | Bulgarian parliamentary | National Assembly | National results | Velichie | 3.9988% | 97,430 | 4% | 97,461 | -0.0012% | -31 | Velichie narrowly missed the threshold and thus lost parliamentary representation.[503] During the vote count, the party passed the threshold, until the very last count update. | |
2022 | Saarland state parliament | Landtag of Saarland | Statewide results | Alliance 90/The Greens | 4.995% | 22,598 | 5% | 22,621 | -0.005% | -23 | Greens narrowly missed the threshold by 0.005%.[504] | |
1967 | Dutch general | Second Chamber | National results | The Emergency Council | 0.6604% | 45,421 | 0.6667% | 45,854 | -0.006% | -433 | The Emergency Council narrowly missed the threshold by less than 500 votes. | |
1967 | Dutch general | Second Chamber | National results | Christian-Democratic Union | 0.6591% | 45,346 | 0.6667% | 45,854 | -0.008% | -508 | The CDU narrowly missed the threshold by less than 600 votes. | |
2023 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia regional | Regional Council of Friuli-Venezia Giulia | Statewide results | Together Free | 3.98% | 15,712 | 4% | 15,799 | -0.02% | -87 | IL narrowly missed the threshold by 0.02%.[498] | |
2024 | Budapest Local | Capital City Assembly | Citywide results | Momentum Movement | 4.98% | 39,471 | 5% | 39,615 | -0.02% | -144 | MM narrowly missed the threshold by 0.02%[505] | |
1997 | Hamburg state | Hamburg Parliament | Statewide results | German People's Union | 4.98% | 40,957 | 5% | 41,126 | -0.02% | -169 | DVU narrowly missed the threshold by 0.02% | |
1971 | Danish general | Folketing | National results | Christian People's Party | 1.98% | 57,072 | 2% | 57,678 | -0.02% | -606 | KF narrowly missed the threshold in their first election. | |
1980 | North Rhine-Westphalia state | Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia | Statewide results | Free Democratic Party | 4.98% | 489,225 | 5% | 490,926 | -0.02% | -1,699 | FDP narrowly missed the threshold by 0.02% | |
1992 | Romanian general | Chamber of Deputies | National results | Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania | 2.98% | 322,990 | 3% | 324,766 | -0.02% | -1,776 | PDAR narrowly missed the threshold by 0.02% | |
1977 | Dutch general | Second Chamber | National results | Reformatory Political Federation | 0.640% | 53,220 | 0.667% | 55,451 | -0.027% | -2,231 | RPF narrowly missed the threshold in their first election. | |
2020 | Valdostan regional council | Regional Council of Aosta Valley | Regional results | Centre-right | 5.68% | 3,761 | 5.71% | 3,788 | -0.03% | -27 | CDX narrowly missed the threshold- | |
2015 | Bremen state parliament | Bürgerschaft of Bremen | Bremerhaven | Alternative for Germany | 4.97% | 7,936 | 5% | 7,985 | -0.03% | -49 | AfD narrowly missed the threshold in Bremerhaven and only get seats from Bremen.[506] | |
2022 | Latvian parliamentary | Saeima | National results | Development/For! | 4.97% | 45,452 | 5% | 45,701 | -0.03% | -249 | Development/For narrowly missed the 5% threshold, and initially had enough to obtain seats in the Saeima but eventually failed to meet the threshold within the last minute.[507] | |
1992 | Schleswig-Holstein state | Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein | Statewide results | Alliance 90/The Greens | 4.97% | 74,014 | 5% | 74,396 | -0.03% | -382 | Grüne narrowly missed the threshold by 0.03% | |
2020 | Slovak parliamentary | National Council | National results | Progressive Slovakia–Together | 6.97% | 200,780 | 7% | 201,706 | -0.03% | -926 | PS/Spolu needed 7% to meet the threshold as a coalition of two parties.[508] | |
2020 | Hamburg state | Hamburg Parliament | Statewide results | Free Democratic Party | 4.97% | 202,059 | 5% | 203,118 | -0.03% | -1,059 | FDP missed the 5% threshold. | |
2019 | Israel legislative | Knesset | National results | The New Right | 3.22% | 138,598 | 3.25% | 140,052 | -0.03% | -1,454 | The New Right party missed the threshold of 3.25% necessary to obtain seats in the Knesset. Initially, the margin was close enough that absentee votes could affect it;[509] however, after absentee ballots were counted the party remained out of the Knesset, and demanded a recount.[510] | |
1967 | Dutch general | Second Chamber | National results | Party for the Unmarried | 0.630% | 43,340 | 0.667% | 45,854 | -0.037% | -2,514 | PVO narrowly missed the threshold in their only election. | |
2016 | Vysočina regional | Regional Council of Vysočina | Regional results | Žijeme Vysočinou | 4.96% | 7,531 | 5% | 7,590 | -0.04% | -59 | Coalition of TOP 09 and Zelení narrowly missed 5% threshold by 59 votes.[511] | |
2019 | European Parliament | European Parliament | Slovakia | Party of the Hungarian Community | 4.96% | 48,929 | 5% | 49,284 | -0.04% | -355 | SMK-MKP lost their MEP thus no Hungarian party from Slovakia won seats. | |
2014 | Slovenian parliamentary | National Assembly | National results | Slovenian People's Party | 3.95% | 34,548 | 4% | 43,715 | -0.05% | -9,167 | SLS narrowly missed the threshold for the first time. | |
2016 | Slovak parliamentary | National Council | National results | Christian Democratic Movement | 4.94% | 128,908 | 5% | 130,388 | -0.06% | -1,480 | KDH narrowly missed the threshold by 0.06%.[512] |
Distribution of elections by winning margin
[edit]Close elections not only demonstrate the effect of individual voters, they may reflect extra efforts from candidates or supporters when elections are close.[513][514]
Geographic area | Dates | Includes towns? |
No. of election contests |
No. of ties |
No. won by 1 vote |
% of elections where winning margin was up to | Sources | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 1% | 2% | 5% | 90% | |||||||
Colorado | 2017 | yes | 511 | 7 | 3 | 1.8% | 2.2% | 3.9% | 5.3% | 7.2% | 16.4% | 99.0% | CO SoS |
Massachusetts | 2014–17 | most | 456 | 0 | 0 | 0.2% | 0.2% | 1.5% | 2.4% | 4.8% | 10.7% | 98.7% | MA SoS |
West Virginia | 2014–17 | few | 879 | 0 | 2 | 0.6% | 1.0% | 3.0% | 4.4% | 8.8% | 21.3% | 100.0% | WV SoS Archived 2018-04-20 at the Wayback Machine |
From 2007 to 2024, over 800 US elections ended in ties or a margin of one vote.[515] In the United States in 2018, 88 state legislative elections were decided by less than half a percent.[516]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ There is considerable disagreement among historians about the exact vote totals. As Kenneth Ackerman explained in his 2003 book: "Because (a) voting was decentralized, (b) states certified electoral votes, not popular votes as 'official', and (c) Democratic votes were divided among various splinter groups, there remains today a range of published 'final results' for the 1880 presidential popular vote."[458] The federal government lists the margin of victory as 1,898, which is used in this article.[459] Others give the margin as 7,018;[460][461] 7,368;[462] 9,070;[463] or 9,457[464] among others.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Mulligan, Casey B.; Hunter, Charles G. (2003). "The Empirical Frequency of a Pivotal Vote". Public Choice. 116 (1–2): 31–54. doi:10.1023/A:1024244329828.
- ^ "Gillespie is Nominated" (PDF). The San Angelo Press. 10 September 1902. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- ^ "Foot-Race to Decide a Tie Vote". Indianapolis Journal. May 8, 1891. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
- ^ "Truth About That Foot-Race". Indianapolis Journal. May 10, 1891. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ "Victoria Legislative Council election of 2 March 1985". Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ^ "Consiglio nazionale Cantone Ticino 2011". politik-stat.ch. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
- ^ "Tessiner CVP-Kandidat fordert Neuzählung statt Losentscheid". Tages-Anzeiger – via www.tagesanzeiger.ch.
- ^ "Homepage Swiss Federal elections 2019 – WWW.ch.ch".
- ^ "Switzerland, Federal Elections, 23 October 2011: Final Report". osce.org. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
- ^ "Election results in Saint-Jean". Quebecpolitique.com. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ Whitaker, Joseph (25 December 1971). "Youth, 18, Says He Cast Vote That, Thrown Out, Tied Race". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
- ^ Vozella, Laura (31 December 2017). "The teen who messed up his absentee ballot, creating Virginia's previous tied race". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
- ^ "1973 House of Delegates General Election District 19". Retrieved 5 January 2018.
- ^ "Election results in Champlain". Quebecpolitique.com. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ Ponton, Brendan (13 November 2017). "Control of Virginia House of Delegates could come down to Newport News district". Retrieved 24 December 2017.
- ^ a b Amin, Reena (19 December 2017). "After 94th District recount in Newport News, Simonds holds unofficial one-vote lead after trailing David Yancey". Daily Press. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ Carter, Brandon (2017-12-19). "Dem appears to win recount in key Virginia House race by single vote". The Hill. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ Forman, Carmen (December 20, 2017). "A crude drawing of the ballot that was in question. Judges have counted the ballot and the race is now tied. But really, who fills out a ballot like this?! Listen to the instructions given by your poll workers, folks. …".
- ^ Stein, Letitia (26 December 2017). "Virginia officials postpone draw to decide tied statehouse election". Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- ^ McCammon, Sarah (4 January 2018). "Virginia Republican David Yancey Wins Tie-Breaking Drawing". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ O'Connor, Lydia (10 January 2018). "Shelly Simonds Concedes To David Yancey In Virginia Tiebreaker Race". Huffington Post. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
- ^ "Judge rules that two tied in Central Mass. House race". Boston.com. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
- ^ "Durant breaks 6-month tie with Worcester seat victory". Boston.com. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
- ^ "What to do with a tied vote?". 7 February 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ^ "1988 State Senate Democratic Primary Plymouth District". Retrieved 6 January 2018.
- ^ "Opinion". ujs.sd.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ a b "Wick says he's only taking time off | Pure Pierre Politics". my605.com. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "Election Resources: South Dakota Secretary of State, Shantel Krebs". sdsos.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "Shelburne, Nova Scotia, 1999" (PDF).
- ^ "Tories pull one out". 2005-01-24. Archived from the original on 2005-01-24. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
- ^ "Lancashire player number 8 – Rowley, Alexander Butler". cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ The Liberal and Radical Year Book: 1887–1889. Harvester Press. 1972. ISBN 9780855272920.
- ^ "The Morning News from Belfast, on July 5, 1886". Newspapers.com. p. 5. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "The crusade against the constitution : an historical vindication of the House of Lords". archive.org. 1895. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ McWhirter, Norris; McWhirter, Ross (1970). New Guinness Book of Records. Guinness Superlatives.
- ^ Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910, by Henry Pelling (Macmillan 1967), p. 256
- ^ Craig, F. W. S. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885–1918. Springer. ISBN 9781349022984.
- ^ "Cornwall Cornishman Newspaper Archives". NewspaperArchive.com. 1886-06-03. p. 6. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "London Standard Newspaper Archives". NewspaperArchive.com. 1886-07-05. p. 5. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ See pp. 250–251. "Official Count of the Ballots Cast, 1978" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-22. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "A Game of Chance". Bluefield Daily Telegraph. 17 September 1980. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
- ^ "Official Returns of General Election Held November 26, 1958" (PDF). Alaska Elections. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ Ferrari, Dave (2013). Reflections: An Autobiography. iUniverse. ISBN 9781491713044.
- ^ Pelzer, Jeremy. "Mayor's race ends in tie". Casper Star-Tribune Online. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ a b c d Elections, United States Congress House Committee on (1834). Cases of Contested Elections in Congress: From the Year 1789 to 1834, Inclusive. Printed by Gales and Seaton. p. 679.
- ^ Pemberton, Mary (26 September 2006). "Edgmon wins Alaska House by toss of a coin". Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ Gabriel, Trip (3 January 2018). "Virginia's Tiebreaker Drawing is Back On. But It May Not Settle House Race". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ^ Robbins, Jim (29 December 2004). "Ruling Puts Democrats in Control in Montana". New York Times. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ^ a b c "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 6th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 8th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "2015 Report from the Chief Electoral Officer of Prince Edward Island" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-31. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
- ^ "Coin toss decides winner of P.E.I. seat after tie vote". CBC News. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
- ^ "PC candidate Mary Ellen McInnis requesting recount". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-06-22. [permanent dead link]
- ^ Canada, Province of Prince Edward Island. "Government of PEI: News Releases". gov.pe.ca. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
- ^ "Simple coin toss almost trivializes Vernon River-Stratford election outcome". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-06-22. [permanent dead link]
- ^ Russell, Jenna (December 12, 2022). "After an Election Tie in New Hampshire, a Do-Over Without the Drama". New York Times.
- ^ West, Nancy (2023-02-22). "Grassie Wins Ward 4 Rochester House Seat in Special Election". InDepthNH.org. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- ^ "State of New Hampshire – 2022 General Election State Representative – Strafford County" (PDF). sos.nh.gov. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – NH US Senate Race – Nov 05, 1974". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
- ^ "U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > Historical Minutes > 1964–Present > Closest Election in Senate History". Senate.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ States, United; Hickman, Nathaniel (1840). The Politician's Register; Containing the Result of the Elections which Have Taken Place During the Years 1836–1840, for President, Members of Congress, and State Officers, Etc. Second Edition. [By Nathaniel Hickman.]. G. H. Hickman.
- ^ Foley, Edward (2015). Ballot Battles: The History of Disputed Elections in the United States. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190235291.
- ^ "Rita Hart's appeal to Congress doesn't have a happy ending, especially after she passed over Iowa judges. She should concede". 12 December 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Notice Of Contest Hart v Miller-Meeks" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Sprunt, Barbara (31 March 2021). "Democrat Rita Hart Abandons Election Challenge In House Race Decided By 6 Votes". NPR. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Sawyer, Kathy (22 November 1984). "Democrat Declared Winner Over Rep. Hansen in Idaho: Decision Immediately Challenged". The Washington Post.
- ^ Dickenson, James R. (15 December 1984). "Republican Declared Winner Of House Race in Indiana". The Washington Post.
- ^ "House Republicans Are Unable to Seat Indiana Member". The Washington Post. 8 February 1985.
- ^ "Task Force Gives Democrat 4-Vote Victory". The Washington Post. 19 April 1985.
- ^ "House Seats McCloskey". The Washington Post. 2 May 1985.
- ^ "Federal Election 2013: issues, dynamics, outcomes". Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ "WA Senate result came down to just one vote". ABC News. 2013-11-08. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
- ^ Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (March 26, 2024). "How to elect a Louisiana sheriff: Runoff, recount, reversal, repeat". Washington Post. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
- ^ Johnson, Kirk (1994-11-16). "Recount Shows Rep. Gejdenson Wins in Connecticut by 4 Votes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
- ^ "1988 Governor's Council Democratic Primary 3rd District". Retrieved 6 January 2018.
- ^ "Candidate loses by one vote, his own". Tyrone Daily Herald. 5 October 1988. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
- ^ "Государственная Дума – Выборы » 2003 » Каменск-Уральский одномандатный избирательный округ №163". Архив политической рекламы. Archived from the original on December 20, 2010. Retrieved May 27, 2012.
- ^ "Определение Верховного Суда от 14.04.2004 N 45-Г04-6". Sudbiblioteka.ru. Retrieved May 27, 2012. [permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d Bellwood, Toby (2 October 2013). "A close-run thing: the narrowest of margins". Australian Parliamentary Library. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
- ^ "Winchester constituency General Election results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-03.
- ^ "The Roxbourne Case, Appendix J" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- ^ "Mass. House Democrat who won by 1 vote takes seat after split panel recommendation". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – Race Detail Page". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ Barnes, Brooks Miles (1981). "The Congressional Elections of 1882 on the Eastern Shore of Virginia". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 89 (4): 467–486. JSTOR 4248516.
- ^ "Historical papers of the Trinity College Historical Society [serial]". archive.org. 1897. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
- ^ a b Greeley, Horace; Cleveland, John Fitch; Ottarson, F. J.; Schem, Alexander Jacob; McPherson, Edward; Rhoades, Henry Eckford (1868). The Tribune Almanac and Political Register. Tribune Association.
- ^ "The evening journal ... almanac". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
- ^ "Democratic almanac ... and political compendium". archive.org. 1866. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
- ^ "Clipped from the Charlotte Democrat". The western Democrat Charlotte. 9 March 1869. p. 2. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
- ^ "2004 Governor's Race – Elections & Voting – WA Secretary of State". Retrieved 2017-06-19.
- ^ "General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June–2024 Parliamentary Constituency 27 – Mumbai North West (Maharashtra)". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ "Sajtóközlemény 2024/29".
- ^ "Főpolgármester-választás: Karácsony Gergely győzött, de új választás jöhet Budapest vezetéséért". 14 June 2024.
- ^ British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press, revised edition 1977)
- ^ "Limerick West". electionsireland.org. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
- ^ "29th Dáil General Election May, 2002 Election Results and Transfer of Votes" (PDF). oireachtas.ie. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
- ^ "Finucane concedes defeat". breakingnews.ie. 20 May 2002. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
- ^ "Every vote counts: The closest election results in recent Irish history". thejournal.ie. 26 February 2016. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
- ^ The Congressional Globe ... Printed at the Globe Office for the editors. 1856.
- ^ Congressional Serial Set. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1865. p. 169.
- ^ The Tribune Almanac. New York Tribune. 1868. p. 61.
- ^ "Hovey wins GOP nomination after Whatley withdraws from Senate District 27 race". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "A Look at Election Through Numbers". koreatimes. April 9, 2008.
- ^ Moore, John Leo; Preimesberger, Jon P.; Tarr, David R. (2001-01-01). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections. CQ Press. ISBN 9781568026022.
- ^ "Fife North East 2017 Election Parliament Results". BBC News. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
- ^ Gillmore, Susan (13 January 2005). "Minnesota had an even closer race in '62". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ^ "NC GOP wins all 8 statewide judicial races as Chief Justice Cheri Beasley concedes election to Paul Newby". 12 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ^ "Cannon's Precedents, Volume 6 – Chapter 169 – General Election Cases, 1917 To 1920". gpo.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ^ Schudel, Matt (20 April 2017). "James M. Scott, Fairfax County delegate in Virginia legislature, dies at 78". Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ Mayse, James (8 January 2019). "Glenn sworn in as 13th District representative". Messenger-inquirer. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ Sorce, Ashley. "Glenn, Johnson recount possible Saturday, estimated to cost $10,200". Retrieved 29 January 2019.
- ^ Beam, Adam (3 February 2019). "Kentucky House race ends in tie after recount: 'Normally, you don't count invalid ballots'". Washington Times. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ Sorce, Ashley (5 February 2019). "Glenn claims Johnson interfered in recount; local board of elections asked to testify". Owensboro Times. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
- ^ "UK General Election results: February 1974 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ "Election Search Results – Elections & Voting – WA Secretary of State". Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Local News | Lynnwood teen missing for week". community.seattletimes.nwsource.com. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "One vote decides it in 26th District". 1 October 2002. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
- ^ "Some Friends Just Have Brain Lock!". 5 September 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
- ^ Titus, James E. (1964). "Kansas Governors: A Resumé of Political Leadership". The Western Political Quarterly. 17 (2): 356–370. doi:10.2307/445714. JSTOR 445714.
- ^ Foley, Edward (2016). Ballot Battles: The History of Disputed Elections in the United States. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190235277.
- ^ "KS Governor 1912". Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ "VT Elections Database » 1996 State Senator General Election Rutland District". VT Elections Database. Archived from the original on 2018-01-31. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "JOURNAL OF THE VERMONT SENATE". leg.state.vt.us. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "Journal of the Vermont Senate". leg.state.vt.us. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ a b c "2017 Wrask – Sampling of past contested legislative elections.pdf". Google Docs. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ Blomquist, Brian (11 November 2017). "Bush fears monkey business Florida recount has Gore down by 327". The New York Post. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
- ^ Sallah, Michael (19 November 2000). "Overseas votes triple Bush lead". The Blade. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
- ^ "1982 State Senator General Election District 8". Retrieved 20 January 2018.
- ^ "Election 2010 | Constituency | Fermanagh & South Tyrone". BBC News. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ Kohler, Mark F. (November 8, 2022). "Statement of Vote – General Election" (PDF). Secretary of the State of Connecticut. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
- ^ "Hurtado secures her victory in senate district 16 election". 20 January 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ "Harris Carries election contest to house panel". Daily Capitol News. 6 March 1971.
- ^ Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections; 1832 Presidential General Election Results – Maryland
- ^ British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1974)
- ^ "Democrat Wins Mississippi House Race After Drawing Straw". New York Times. November 20, 2015. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
- ^ "House votes for Republican Tullos, unseats Eaton". Clarion Ledger. January 21, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
- ^ "Keyes vs. Gunn". Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "General Election Statewide Recount Results" (PDF). Arizona Secretary of State. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ "Our Campaigns". Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Elections in Cape Verde African Elections Database
- ^ "Leeds General Election Results 1924 – Thoresby Society". thoresby.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ "Number of assessed polls, registered voters and persons who voted in each voting precinct in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts at the state, city and town elections". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ^ a b Johnson, Kirk (1994-11-16). "Recount Shows Rep. Gejdenson Wins in Connecticut by 4 Votes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ^ "General Election cases, 1907–1910" (PDF).[dead link]
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ a b "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 29th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. October 30, 1972. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "Official election results in District 8 of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county". valasztas.hu. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ "Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Megyei Bíróság 11.Kvk.20.875/2006/9.szám" [Court ruling 11.Kvk.20.875/2006/9. of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Megyei Bíróság]. adoc.pub. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
- ^ "2008 U.S. Senate Recount". Minnesota Secretary of State. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
- ^ Pat Doyle (2009-07-01). "At last, a second senator for Minnesota". Minnesota Star-Tribune. Retrieved July 1, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ a b NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ "A CLOSE CONGRESSIONAL RACE, INDEED". The Buffalo News. 1994-11-20. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ^ "IN RE ELECTION FOR SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT | 231 Conn. 602 (1994) | Leagle.com". Leagle. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ^ Johnson, Kirk (29 April 1995). "Connecticut House Race Is Really Over". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ^ "The battle for the state assemblies". The Straits Times. 27 April 1964. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
- ^ a b Johnson, Mark (27 August 2016). "Brooks beats out Hill in recount of Washington County Senate race". Retrieved 15 January 2018.
- ^ Hallenbeck, Terri (November 30, 2016). "Bill Doyle Concedes Defeat in Vermont Senate Race". Vermont Seven Days. Burlington, VT.
- ^ "ECSA – Electoral Commission SA -". ecsa.sa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
- ^ The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate. UNSW Press. 2010. ISBN 9780868409962.
- ^ a b "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 17th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ a b c "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 28th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ "Labor by Nine Votes: Government Wins Historic Bundaberg, Nicklin Recounts". November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 21st Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. June 27, 1949. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ Gross, Samantha; Ceballos, Ana (12 November 2020). "After 3-day recount, incumbent Democrat loses Senate seat to Ileana Garcia by 34 votes". Miami Herald. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ Terry, Spencer (24 August 2021). "Candidate pleads guilty in alleged Florida vote scam". Retrieved 20 October 2021.
- ^ "Stiffer Gun-Felony Penalty Endorsed". Janesville Daily Gazette. 29 January 1969.
- ^ "After three weeks, Torren Ecker declared winner of Republican primary for 193rd seat". Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "SOTS: Vote for State Representatives 2002". ct.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-07-10. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
- ^ "Cannon's Precedents, Volume 6 – Chapter 171 – General Election Cases, 1923 To 1925". gpo.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ^ "Elections in Brighton and Hove: Parliamentary 1950–2010". brightonhistory.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ "North Caroline State Board of Elections". Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ^ The Tribune Almanac and Political Register for ... Greeley & McElrath. 1872.
- ^ Congressional Serial Set. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1872.
- ^ "History of Hancock county, Indiana; its people, industries and institutions". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Digest of election cases. Cases of contested elections in the House of representatives". archive.org. 1878. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Archives of Maryland, Volume 0164, Page 0265 – Maryland Manual, 1951–52". aomol.msa.maryland.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "The Cumberland News from Cumberland, Maryland on November 17, 1950 · Page 17". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "The Cumberland News from Cumberland, Maryland on November 10, 1950 · Page 36". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Cumberland Sunday Times from Cumberland, Maryland on November 12, 1950 · Page 28". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of Maryland. Authority. 1951.
- ^ a b "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 34th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. November 21, 1988. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "1959 Japanese House of Councillors election: Tottori at-large district". Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Commonwealth of Virginia November 5th, 2008 General Election Official Results". State Board of Elections. Commonwealth of Virginia. 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "PD43+ » 1988 Governor's Council Democratic Primary 3rd District". PD43+. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ Ap (1988-10-03). "Candidate Is Culprit in 1-Vote Loss". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Casetext". casetext.com. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – KY – District 02 Race – Aug 03, 1829". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ Khan, Ramsha Jahangir | Iftikhar A. (2018-07-30). "Rejected votes exceed victory margin in many constituencies". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ "Radio-Canada". ici.radio-canada.ca (in French). 13 May 2011. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ a b c d e f Whitaker, L. Paige. "Contested Election Cases in the House of Representatives: 1933 to 2009" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ "DESCHLER'S PRECEDENTS Volume 2" (PDF). Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "Elections in Somaliland". African Elections Database. africanelections.tripod.com. November 11, 2007.
- ^ Taylor, Peter J.; Johnston, Ron (2014-10-03). Geography of Elections (Routledge Library Editions: Political Geography). Routledge. ISBN 9781317601869.
- ^ "State House candidate to seek recount of two-vote loss". USA Today. AP. 2006-11-09. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
- ^ Walter Jenny Jr. (November 11, 2006). "State Single votes add up to win elections". Edmond Sun. Archived from the original on July 31, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
- ^ Mock, Jennifer (November 23, 2006). "Recount winner sworn in". Daily Oklahoman. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
- ^ "The Radford recounts are over". December 2004. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
- ^ "MD District 6 1820". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
- ^ Mariana, Alfaro (16 November 2021). "Five votes decide winner of House Democratic primary after Florida recount". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ 2022 Assembly Results, New York State Board of Elections, retrieved 28 January 2023
- ^ a b "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 9th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "Recount confirms 3-vote margin in southwestern Colorado House district primary". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, 1904 Presidential General Election Results – Maryland
- ^ "UK General Election results 1970 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 2011-08-11. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ "South East Derbyshire :: UK General Election 1959". elections.jphillips.eu. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ a b Eaton, Tim (22 March 2011). "Rep. Donna Howard addresses House". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
- ^ "2010 General Election official results". Retrieved 3 May 2023.
- ^ a b "UK General Election results: October 1964 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ "Hinds' Precedents, Volume 1 – Chapter 25 – General Election Cases, 1789 to 1840". gpo.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ^ "Eton And Slough :: UK General Election 1964". elections.jphillips.eu. Retrieved 2017-06-30.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "41 – Spree-Neiße I". wahlergebnisse.brandenburg.d. Retrieved 2024-09-22.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ "New York 8th District State Senate Results". New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ^ "Last time, the ruling and opposition parties fought one-on-one in a fierce battle zone with 50 votes difference". 8 October 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Recount Gives One Vote win". The Daily Spectrum, Saint George, Utah. 18 November 1980.
- ^ "Zika wins House nomination by two votes in recount".
- ^ Guide to U.S. elections. CQ Press. 2005. ISBN 9781568029818.
allen 3739 mcarthur 3737.
- ^ Niles' National Register. 1833.
- ^ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- ^ "Digest of election cases. Cases of contested elections in the House of representatives, Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth congresses, from 1876–1880, inclusive". archive.org. 1883. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ^ "1970 State Representative Democratic Primary". Retrieved 3 January 2018.
- ^ "1970 State Representative Democratic Primary". Retrieved 3 January 2018.
- ^ Eléanor Douet (29 June 2017). "Législatives : une candidate REM conteste l'élection de son rival LR". RTL. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ "Législatives : les élections de Jean-Pierre Door (LR) et Joël Aviragnet (PS) annulées". Europe 1. Agence France-Presse. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ^ Guide to U.S. elections. CQ Press. 2005. ISBN 9781568029818.
wright 5441 mcgaughey 5438.
- ^ Vic Division – McEwen, Australian Electoral Commission, 2008, retrieved February 16, 2009
- ^ Cooper, Mex (July 2, 2008), "Fran Bailey wins McEwen – finally", The Age, Melbourne, retrieved February 16, 2009
- ^ "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 7th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – NY District 1 Race – Nov 03, 1914". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ^ Cannon's Precedents (PDF). pp. 283–284. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ Curvin, Henry F. "1970 Rhode Island Count Book" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
- ^ "General Election result, May 1997". Archived from the original on 25 May 1998. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
- ^ a b "1987 Senate of Virginia General Election District 39". Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ a b "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 18th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ Roxas, Pathricia Ann V. (10 June 2019). "HRET affirms Daza's victory over Abayon in 2016 polls". newsinfo.inquirer.net. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
- ^ David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, 1912 Presidential General Election Results – California
- ^ "1998 State Senator General Election District 16". NH Elections Database. New Hampshire Public Radio.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ "1976 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". Retrieved 5 January 2018.
- ^ "Waitakere Judicial Recount Official Results". Electoral Commission (New Zealand). 17 December 2011. Archived from the original on 9 February 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
- ^ "Bennett wins Waitakere on recount". 3 News (New Zealand). 16 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ "No Recount for 24th District, Ronnie Campbell's Win Holds – Updated". Retrieved November 16, 2024.
- ^ "BBC News – Election 2011 -Scotland – Glasgow Anniesland". bbc.co.uk. 5 May 2011. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
- ^ "#JaVotes2020 | Good voter turnout in St Mary SE". jamaica-gleaner.com. 2020-09-03. Retrieved 2020-09-08.
- ^ Medina, Jennifer (2006-11-16). "Democrat Wins House Seat After Recount in Connecticut". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "SOTS: Vote for Representatives in Congress 2006". sots.ct.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-01-31. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "1955 House of Delegates General Election District 55". Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ "Anthony Brindisi concedes loss to Claudia Tenney in NY-22 House race". 8 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "RDecision 2018: Republicans Remain on Top". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "1978 State Senator General Election District 14". Retrieved 20 January 2018.
- ^ a b "Election Contests, 1917–31" (PDF). Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1964 (Page 27)" (PDF). House.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
- ^ Pasion, Patty (6 June 2016). "Northern Samar's Abayon escorted out of Congress". Rappler. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
- ^ "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 20th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ Cannon's Precedents (PDF). pp. 156–159. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ a b Edward B. Foley and Mike Shecket (September 7, 2004). "Section 5.3 – Recounts and Other Remedies". The E-Book on Election Law: An Online Reference Guide. Moritz College of Law. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
- ^ a b "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 37th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. November 27, 2000. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "THE POLITICAL REGISTER AND CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY". archive.org. 1878. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
- ^ The Tribune Almanac and Political Register For 1860. Greeley & McElrath. 1860.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ "Linda McGrath wins GOP primary recount for Hampton-Seabrook House seat by 1 vote". Retrieved November 16, 2024.
- ^ "State Election 2018: Ripon District results summary – Victorian Electoral Commission". vec.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2018-12-04.
- ^ "LeBon tops Dodge by one vote after House race recount". Juneau Empire. November 30, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
- ^ "Judges Backs Alaska Elections Division in Disputed Recount". U.S. News & World Report. December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
- ^ Hsieh, Jeremy (3 January 2019). "Alaska Supreme Court affirms LeBon win in House recount". Retrieved 8 January 2019.
- ^ "Belfast West :: UK General Election 1951". elections.jphillips.eu. Retrieved 2017-06-30.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "UK General Election results: November 1935 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 2017-07-01. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ "https://www.princewilliamtimes.com/news/recount-confirms-nikki-baldwins-2-vote-win-in-gop-primary-for-29th-district-state-senate/article_c5c4677a-2885-11ee-9b16-db12b42df671.html". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
(help)|title=
- ^ "Tory Braid wins recount in KW -- by just 17 votes". thespec. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
- ^ "Hinds Precedents" (PDF). Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ^ "1828 NY District 20". Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ^ "Vale of Glamorgan [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 2016-03-13. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ "GEMS ELECTION RESULTS". elections.alaska.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-08.
- ^ "Kassel says he won't pursue further counts | Juneau Empire – Alaska's Capital City Online Newspaper". juneauempire.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2017-07-08.
- ^ "Kelly retains House seat by four votes | Juneau Empire – Alaska's Capital City Online Newspaper". juneauempire.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2017-07-08.
- ^ "Illinois General Assembly – Illinois Compiled Statutes". ilga.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-09.
- ^ Pullen v. Mulligan, vol. 561, September 21, 1990, p. 585, retrieved 2017-07-09
- ^ Smith, Alexander (5 July 2024). "General election: Neil Duncan-Jordan gains Poole for Labour". Bournemouth Echo. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ "Second Republican Loses Recount Closing Gap in House: 201 GOP to 199 Dem Seats". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "1991 House of Delegates General Election District 58". Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ Ress, Dave (14 December 2017). "Counting, recounting and more fun with numbers". Archived from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ "1994 Governor's Council Democratic Primary 4th District". Retrieved 6 January 2018.
- ^ "Mike Cabell picks up a vote, but Jamie Walsh ahead by four". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. elections. CQ Press. 2005. ISBN 9781568029818.
epping 71803 wimbush 71742.
- ^ Kalb, Deborah (2015-12-24). Guide to U.S. Elections. CQ Press. ISBN 9781483380384.
- ^ "Reports and resolutions of South Carolina to the General Assembly. 1870-71". HathiTrust. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "The Daily Phoenix from Columbia, South Carolina on November 10, 1870 · Page 3". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "RDecision 2018: Republicans Remain on Top". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "South Australia byelection: Labor's Nat Cook wins Fisher by nine votes". 15 December 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ^ "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 30th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 31st Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "1996 Japanese general election: Chiba 4th district". Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ Sneyd, Ross (21 December 2006). "Recount Overturns Vermont Auditor Race". Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ "Electoral History of British Columbia" (PDF). Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ "Mayencourt defeats Stevenson by 18 votes". cbc.ca. Archived from the original on 28 October 2005. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ "Liberal Mayencourt wins after recount". The Globe and Mail, June 11, 2005.
- ^ Warnica, Richard. "Lorne Mayencourt's Great Escape". Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ "Basildon and Billericay results". BBC.
- ^ "2022 New Hampshire State House - Grafton District 18 Election Results". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "RDecision 2018: Republicans Remain on Top". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 35th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. October 25, 1993. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ Whig Almanac, and Politicians' Register. Greeley & McElrath. 1854.
- ^ a b "Miscikoski Defeats Bonnetti by One Vote". Hartford Courant. October 17, 1972. p. 16. Archived from the original on June 9, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Democrats Fail To Name Choice". Hartford Courant. September 6, 1972. p. 46. Archived from the original on June 9, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Primary Recount Still Leaves Questions". Hartford Courant. October 18, 1972. p. 12. Archived from the original on June 9, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Judge Invalidates Primary". Hartford Courant. October 26, 1972. p. 23. Archived from the original on June 9, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Democrats Pick Bonetti To Run". Hartford Courant. November 2, 1972. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 9, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "1972 election results" (PDF). Secretary of the State of Connecticut. p. 41. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 13, 2021.
- ^ "Perth and North Perthsire 2017 Election Parliament Results". BBC. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
- ^ "Після перерахунку голосів у 79-му мажоритарному окрузі змінився переможець" (in Ukrainian). Українська правда. 10 November 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ^ "State Rep. Craig Fishbein's 17-vote margin of victory shrinks to 7". Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Ainsworth Wins It By a Hair". Randolph Herald. Retrieved 2017-07-15. [permanent dead link]
- ^ Hallenbeck, Terri. "After Second Recount, Ainsworth Defeats Buxton by One Vote". Seven Days. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – KS Governor Race – Nov 05, 1940". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-06-17.
- ^ "FARMERS' UNREST POINTS TO G. O. P. KANSAS VICTORY (October 6, 1942)". Retrieved 2017-06-17.
- ^ "Taillon wins by two votes: Edges Caire; Some say they'll leave party"[permanent dead link]/ The Gazette, October 18, 2009.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – IN – District 02 Race – Aug 05, 1833". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
- ^ Riker, Dorothy Lois; Thornbrough, Gayle (1960). Indiana election returns, 1816–1851. Indiana Historical Bureau. ISBN 9781885323170.
- ^ Knowles, Hannah (5 January 2021). "Pennsylvania Republicans block seating of Democratic state senator, take control from lieutenant governor". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
- ^ Ward, Paula Reed (14 January 2021). "State Sen. Jim Brewster sworn in after 2 months of legal wrangling over results". Retrieved 14 January 2021.
- ^ "Election recount confirms incredibly narrow result in Idaho House Republican primary race".
- ^ "Our Campaigns – Race Detail Page". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ The World Almanac & Book of Facts. Newspaper Enterprise Association. 1871.
- ^ Congress, United States (1872). Official Congressional Directory. U.S. G.P.O. p. 45.
- ^ "Michigan Primary Election Results for State House District 18, on Aug. 4, 2020". Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Andy Biggs wins recount; Christine Jones concedes". azcentral. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
- ^ "Iowa Senate 42: Charlie McClintock wins GOP primary by 2 votes". Retrieved November 16, 2024.
- ^ "Home – Election Results".
- ^ "UK General Election results: June 1983 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 2010-01-17. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ "NJ At-Large Race – Oct 08, 1838". Our Campaigns.
- ^ Becker, Ronald L. A BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATING TO THE BROAD SEAL WAR IN NEW JERSEY, 1838-40.
- ^ Ghianni, Tim (25 August 2014). "Representative DesJarlais wins Tennessee primary by 38 votes". Reuters. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ "Ealing North :: UK General Election 1964". elections.jphillips.eu. Retrieved 2017-06-30.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Two Recounts Don't Change the Results | www.ourherald.com | Randolph Herald". Retrieved 2017-07-15. [permanent dead link]
- ^ "Lawmakers Uphold Buxton's One-Vote Victory". Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ Zeleny, Jeff (January 3, 2012). "Romney Wins Iowa Caucus by 8 Votes". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – KS Governor Race – Nov 04, 1930". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-06-17.
- ^ "Лапін переміг Констанкевич на 28 голосів?". ТРК Аверс. 28 October 2014. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ^ "UK General Election results: October 1959 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 2013-06-23. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ "History of Federal Ridings since 1867". November 4, 2008. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – PA District 16 Race – Oct 11, 1870". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ Congressional Directory. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1870.
- ^ "Washington News and Gossip" (PDF). 19 January 1872. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ "Hinds' Precedents, Volume 2 – Chapter 29 – General Election Cases, 1870 To 1875". gpo.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "1990 State Representative Democratic Primary 11th Essex District". Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ "General Election Returns (1972)" (PDF). Elections Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-27. Retrieved 2019-02-27.
- ^ "Hirom Nonaka, an anti-Koizumi obsession". Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "2005 Japanese general election: Kyoto 4th district". Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Sene West constituency results 2020". Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ "Sene West ballot box incident". 15 December 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ "NPP now has a majority in Parliament regardless of the outcome of Sene West seat". 17 December 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ "ОВК 184: Вищий адмінсуд залишив регіонала переможцем у Новій Каховці" (in Ukrainian). Українська правда. 19 November 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ^ a b Delphine de Freitas (19 June 2017). "Certains candidats élus avec 8 voix d'écart, focus sur les scrutins les plus serrés". LCI. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
- ^ "Doug Erikson". Retrieved 7 December 2018.
- ^ "Hosmer concedes District 7 state Senate race, will not appeal". 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
- ^ "1950 Gubernatorial General Election Results – Michigan". Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ^ "Incumbent Republican retains state Senate seat after recount". Seattle Times. 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
- ^ Mittendorf, Robert (5 December 2018). "Ericksen, Van Werven hang on to legislative seats after hand recount — but just barely". Bellingham Herald. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
- ^ "2014 Japanese general election: Niigata 2nd district's result". Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Kirk Dillard reloads, laments what might have been – tribunedigital-chicagotribune". Articles.chicagotribune.com. 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
- ^ Davey, Monica (March 5, 2010). "In Illinois, Race Is Set for Governor". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ "Election Resources: South Dakota Secretary of State, Shantel Krebs". sdsos.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=1892&fips=6&f=1&off=0&elect=0
- ^ David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, 1960 Presidential General Election Results – Hawaii
- ^ "1970 State Representative Democratic Primary". Retrieved 3 January 2018.
- ^ "1976 State Senate Democratic Primary 2nd Essex and Middlesex District". Retrieved 6 January 2018.
- ^ Commission, Australian Electoral. "House of Representatives Division First Preferences". results.aec.gov.au.
- ^ "Zubiri: SC ruling on Pimentel bid seals case". ABS-CBN News. 2008-03-14. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ Ager, Maila (2011-08-03). "Zubiri resigns amid poll fraud scandal". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2011-08-03.
- ^ Calonzo, Andreo C. (2011-08-11). "Pimentel proclaimed 12th winning senator in '07 polls". GMA News Online. Retrieved 2011-08-11.
- ^ David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, 1896 Presidential General Election Results – Kentucky
- ^ Romo, Reno (6 December 2012). "Terry McMillan Declared Winner in House District 37 Race". Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ "House District 37: Ferrary tops McMillan in third try". 9 November 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ "New Mexico Secretary of State official results for the 2000 Presidential elections". Sos.state.nm.us. November 3, 1999. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, 1916 Presidential General Election Results – New Hampshire
- ^ "New Mexico 29th District State House Results". New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ^ Reichback, Matthew (12 December 2016). "Recounts don't change results in three legislative races". Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ Desacada, Miriam Garcia. "Leyte's winners proclaimed". philstar.com. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
- ^ "Recount upholds Rep. Boyle's GOP primary election victory over Rep. Syme". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ Nelson, Thomas. "Recount shows House District 55 race goes to Bergan". Retrieved 29 January 2019.
- ^ SOSTARIC, KATARINA. "Iowa House Republicans Vote To Reject 29 Mail-In Ballots In Close Statehouse Race". Retrieved 29 January 2019.
- ^ Zanzibar Elections Supervisors (1961). Reports of the Supervisors of Elections on the Registration of Voters and the Elections Held in January, 1961. Zanzibar: Government Printer. p. 62.
- ^ a b c Lofchie, Michael F. (1965). Zanzibar: Background to Revolution. Princeton University Press. pp. 200-201, 257 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Young, Mark C., ed. (April 1997). The Guinness Book of Records, 1997. New York: Bantam. p. 366. ISBN 0-553-57684-4 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Liedke, Matthew. "ELECTION 2018: Persell prevails in recount in District 5A". Bemidji Pioneer. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
- ^ "Sunday, May 2, 2010". issuu. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
- ^ "The Des Moines Register from Des Moines, Iowa on June 15, 1988 · Page 2". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
- ^ "CNN.com – Berlusconi refuses to concede – Apr 11, 2006". edition.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 12 April 2006. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "1971 House of Delegates General Election District 23". Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ "2008 Canadian Election Results". Retrieved 29 November 2018.
- ^ "Dosanjh keeps seat after 2nd recount in Vancouver South riding". CBC News. November 4, 2008. Archived from the original on March 26, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – NY District 18 Race – Nov 05, 1832". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
- ^ Williams, Edwin (1834). The Politician's Manual: Containing Returns of Elections in the United States, Particularly the Presidential Election of 1832, with Election Laws, and Other Useful Information. James Van Norden.
- ^ "Steve Troxler". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
- ^ "1992 Japanese House of Councillors election: Okinawa at-large district". Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Cannon's Precedents, Volume 6 – Chapter 172 – General Election Cases, 1926 To 1930". gpo.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ^ Lawrence versus Milligan election contest, third district of Missouri. Hearings before the committee on Elections No. 2, House of Representatives, Seventy-first Congress, second session, April 28, 1930. Washington. 1930. hdl:2027/uiug.30112119650825.
- ^ "McCormick concedes to Oz in Pennsylvania GOP Senate primary". AP NEWS. 2022-06-03. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
- ^ "Pennsylvania Primary Election Results". Pennsylvania Department of State. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, 1952 Presidential General Election Results – Kentucky
- ^ "UK General Election results: October 1974 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 2017-08-20. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ "LDP won 2 seats in Niigata. Takatori and Izumida lost to challengers". November 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Robert J. Dubois candidate profile". Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ "Jennifer M. Callahan Candidate Profile". Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ "1976 State Senate Democratic Primary 2nd Essex and Middlesex District". Retrieved 6 January 2018.
- ^ "Mr. Haraguchi, Saga 1st district, won by 133 votes". November 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ Staff, Independent. "Edgington makes late comeback in Barkly with postal votes, looks set to take seat for CLP | NT Independent". Retrieved 2021-05-25.
- ^ "Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1959 > River Valley". Singapore Elections. Archived from the original on August 8, 2011. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Arizona's 2nd Congressional District elections, 2014". ballotpedia.org. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
- ^ "Maryland's last cliffhanger was 1919 governor's race ELECTION 1994". tribunedigital-baltimoresun. Retrieved 2017-06-17.
- ^ "HARRY W. NICE, 1877-1941". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
- ^ Congressional Directory. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1870.
- ^ Bennett, Max (9 November 2016). "Perry Warren Wins State Rep Seat". Newtown, PA Patch. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
- ^ "Official Publication of the Abstract of Votes Cast" (PDF). Colorado Secretary of State. State of Colorado. 2002.
- ^ "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 19th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. March 26, 1940. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ "Commissioner of Agriculture". Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
- ^ "Wampler wins seat in recount". Newport News Daily Press. 15 December 1987.
- ^ "40th General Election: Parry Sound—Muskoka". Elections Canada. October 16, 2008.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – AZ Governor – Recount Race – Nov 07, 1916". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-06-17.
- ^ Dritschilo, Gordon (30 November 2010). "Recount upholds results, raises new question". Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – ND US Senate Race – Nov 05, 1974". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-06-17.
- ^ a b c "The Closest US Senate Races in All 50 States | Smart Politics". editions.lib.umn.edu. Retrieved 2017-06-17.
- ^ "1990 State Representative General Election 7th Worcester District". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ "2022 New Hampshire State House - Hillsborough District 45 Election Results". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ Suzette Parmley (November 21, 2013). "Mazzeo formally named winner in N.J. Second". Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ "1990 State Representative General Election Hillsborough 40 District". Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ^ Placek, Christopher (21 November 2018). "Morrison holds on for 37-vote victory over Trevor in 54th House district". Chicago Daily Herald. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
- ^ "2012 Japanese general election: Saitama 6th district". Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ "1972 State Representative General Election 2nd Bristol District". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – IA US Senate Race – Nov 04, 1924". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-06-17.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – IA US Senate Race – Apr 12, 1926". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-06-17.
- ^ "The Election Case of Daniel F. Steck v. Smith W. Brookhart of Iowa (1926)". Senate.gov. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
- ^ "1974 State Representative Democratic Primary 41st Middlesex District". Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ Ehrenhalt, Alan (8 July 1979). "It's hard work during recess for Midwestern Congressman". The Evening Star.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – NY District 9 Race – Nov 02, 1858". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
- ^ The Tribune Almanac. New York Tribune. 1868.
- ^ "1998 State Representative General Election – 1st Plymouth District". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ "NA-140 Result – Election Commission of Pakistan". ecp.gov.pk. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ Middleton, Town of. "Town of Middleton – The Power of One Vote". townofmiddleton.org. Archived from the original on 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "Bennington Banner from Bennington, Vermont on January 22, 1977 · Page 8". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "Bennington Banner from Bennington, Vermont on January 25, 1977 · Page 1". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "Bennington Banner from Bennington, Vermont on January 28, 1977 · Page 9". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "VT House to recount Orange County election". Burlington Free Press. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "LDP Candidate Shirasaka Wins A Seat in Oita". 24 April 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "St. Charles County candidate wins primary — by four votes". Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ https://www.jsonline.com/elections/results/race/2022-11-08-state_house-IA-16752/. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help); Text "title2022 Iowa State House - District 20 Election Results" ignored (help) - ^ l'Intérieur, Ministère de. "Résultats des élections législatives 2012". interieur.gouv.fr.
- ^ Jenkins, Timothy (1846). Speech of Hon. T. Jenkins, of New York, on the Contested-election Case from New Jersey, Delivered in the House of Representatives, Wednesday, March 4, 1846. printed at the office of Blair and Rives.
- ^ "Hinds' Precedents, Volume 1 – Chapter 26 – General Election Cases, 1840 to 1850". gpo.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ^ David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections; 1880 Presidential General Election Results – California
- ^ Ackerman, Kenneth D. (2003). Dark Horse: The Surprise Election and Political Murder of James A. Garfield. New York, New York: Avalon Publishing. p. 220n. ISBN 978-0-7867-1396-7.
- ^ "Historical Election Results: Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
- ^ Clancy, Herbert J. (1958). The Presidential Election of 1880. Chicago, Illinois: Loyola University Press. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-258-19190-0.
- ^ Jordan, David M. (1996) [1988]. Winfield Scott Hancock: A Soldier's Life. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 306. ISBN 0-253-21058-5.
- ^ Peskin, Allan (1978). Garfield: A Biography. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. p. 510. ISBN 978-0-87338-210-6.
- ^ Burnham, Walter Dean (1955). Presidential Ballots, 1836–1892. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 247–257. ISBN 0-405-07678-9.
- ^ Petersen, Svend (1963). A Statistical History of the American Presidential Elections. New York, New York: Frederick Ungar. p. 49. OCLC 500975. Archived from the original on 2020-11-07. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, 1908 Presidential General Election Results – Missouri
- ^ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2000". Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ Ammons, David (1 December 2000). "Cantwell Wins Washington Senate Recount". ABC NEws. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ "1961 House of Delegates General Election District 66". Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ "Surprises Mark Races for House Seats". The Bee (Danville, Virginia). 8 November 1961.
- ^ Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections; 1860 Presidential General Election Results – Virginia
- ^ "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 3rd Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "Hind's Precedents". Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ Senate, Ohio General Assembly (1849). Journal of the Senate of the ... General Assembly of the State of Ohio ...
- ^ "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 25th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ The Evening Journal ... Almanac. 1858.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ House Reports, Vol 5. 1958. p. 11. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ NA, NA (2015-12-30). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49. Springer. ISBN 9781349814671.
- ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1998". House.gov. Archived from the original on 2007-01-05. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
- ^ "1986 State Representative General Election Chittenden 7-4 District". Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- ^ Erin P. Billings. "Recount affirms McCulloch's win in OPI election". Helena Independent Record. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – MT Superintendent of Public Instruction Race – Nov 07, 2000". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Virginia". The New-Yorker. Vol. 7. H. Greeley & Company. 29 June 1839.
- ^ States, United; Hickman, Nathaniel (1840). The Politician's Register; Containing the Result of the Elections which Have Taken Place During the Years 1836–1840, for President, Members of Congress, and State Officers, Etc. Second Edition. [By Nathaniel Hickman.]. G. H. Hickman.
- ^ "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 33rd Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ Bookout, Jed (3 December 2020). "Mike Garcia Trailed in Every Poll. So How Did He Win Twice in One Year?". Retrieved 4 January 2021.
- ^ "2002 State Representative General Election 3rd Barnstable District". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections; 1884 Presidential General Election Results – New York
- ^ "Parliament of Canada: History of Federal Ridings: General Elections: 4th Parliament". .parl.gc.ca. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ Guide to U.S. elections. CQ Press. 2005. ISBN 9781568029818.
oliver 8546 woods 8529.
- ^ "Loire, constituency 1 LEGISLATIVE RESULTS 2017". Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ "Přehled voleb do Poslanecké sněmovny od roku 1992 | ČeskéNoviny.cz". www.ceskenoviny.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ EU leaders urged to keep Haider out. The Guardian, 29 January 2000. Archived
- ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Slovakia's leftist leader wins Pyrrhic victory as right claims majority | DW | 13.06.2010". DW.COM. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ "Voting results in the Multi-member Constituency". VRK. 2008-10-31.
- ^ "Hessen Wahlergebnis".
- ^ https://www.vrk.lt/en/2024-seimo/rezultatai?srcUrl=/rinkimai/1544/1/2150/rezultatai/en/rezultataiDaugmVrt.html
- ^ a b c Elezioni regionali del 2 e 3 aprile 2023
- ^ "Wahlen in Thüringen". Landtagswahl 2019 in Thüringen – endgültiges Ergebnis.
- ^ "Centralna izborna komisija BiH". www.izbori.ba. Retrieved 2022-05-26.
- ^ "Nejtěsnější výsledek voleb. TOP 09 chyběl ke vstupu do zastupitelstva jeden hlas | Echo24.cz | 03.10.2020". Echo24.cz. 3 October 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ "Leidsch Dagblad | 16 maart 1959 | pagina 2". Historische Kranten, Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken (in Dutch). 16 March 1959. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ^ ""Величие": ЦИК ни извади от парламента с нагласени 3.999%, това е демонстрация на мафията срещу народа". www.moreto.net. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
- ^ 23 Stimmen fehlen, Süddeutsche Zeitung, retrieved: 11 June 2022
- ^ "Nemzeti Választási Iroda – Helyi önkormányzati választások".
- ^ Freie Hansestadt Bremen, Stadt Bremerhaven, wahlen-in-deutschland.de
- ^ ""Attīstībai/Par" no 5% barjeras pārvarēšanas šķīra vien saujiņa balsu". 2 October 2022.
- ^ a.s, Petit Press (12 March 2020). "PS/Spolu has submitted an election complaint. What are the odds the results might change?". spectator.sme.sk. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ "New Right, just shy of electoral threshold, pins hopes on soldiers' votes". The Times of Israel.
- ^ "New Right demands recount after it falls just short of winning Knesset seats". The Times of Israel.
- ^ "hlasy_strany_vys" (in Czech). Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ Foret Miroslav; Melas David (23 November 2020). Marketingový výzkum v udržitelném marketingovém managementu (in Czech). Grada Publishing, a.s. ISBN 978-80-271-4062-6. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ Eggers, Andrew C.; Fowler, Anthony; Hainmueller, Jens; Hall, Andrew B.; Snyder, James M. (2015-01-01). "On the Validity of the Regression Discontinuity Design for Estimating Electoral Effects: New Evidence from Over 40,000 Close Races". American Journal of Political Science. 59 (1): 259–274. doi:10.1111/ajps.12127. ISSN 1540-5907.
- ^ Justin Grimmer; Eitan Hirsh; Brian Feinstein; Daniel Carpenter (2012). "Are Close Elections Random? Working Paper" (PDF). Stanford.
- ^ Tracking Elections that Ended in Ties & Close Results, Public Interest Legal Foundation, accessed 2024-10-16
- ^ "Margin of victory analysis for the 2018 state legislative elections". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2021-03-12.